invocation, [Aggregate Expressions](sql-expressions.md#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES)

moving aggregate, [Moving-Aggregate Mode](xaggr.md#XAGGR-MOVING-AGGREGATES)

ordered set, [Ordered-Set Aggregates](xaggr.md#XAGGR-ORDERED-SET-AGGREGATES)

partial aggregation, [Partial Aggregation](xaggr.md#XAGGR-PARTIAL-AGGREGATES)

polymorphic, [Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates](xaggr.md#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES)

support functions for, [Support Functions for Aggregates](xaggr.md#XAGGR-SUPPORT-FUNCTIONS)

user-defined, [User-defined Aggregates](xaggr.md)

variadic, [Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates](xaggr.md#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES)

AIX, AIX : installation on, AIX

IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.md#SYSVIPC)

akeys, hstore Operators and Functions

alias, Table and Column Aliases, Column Labels : for table name in query, Joins Between Tables

in the FROM clause, [Table and Column Aliases](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-TABLE-ALIASES)

in the select list, [Column Labels](queries-select-lists.md#QUERIES-COLUMN-LABELS)

ALL, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

allow_system_table_mods configuration parameter, Developer Options

ALTER AGGREGATE, ALTER AGGREGATE

ALTER COLLATION, ALTER COLLATION

ALTER CONVERSION, ALTER CONVERSION

ALTER DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES, ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES

ALTER DOMAIN, ALTER DOMAIN

ALTER EVENT TRIGGER, ALTER EVENT TRIGGER

ALTER EXTENSION, ALTER EXTENSION

ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER

ALTER FOREIGN TABLE, ALTER FOREIGN TABLE

ALTER FUNCTION, ALTER FUNCTION

ALTER GROUP, ALTER GROUP

ALTER INDEX, ALTER INDEX

ALTER LANGUAGE, ALTER LANGUAGE

ALTER LARGE OBJECT, ALTER LARGE OBJECT

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

ALTER OPERATOR, ALTER OPERATOR

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS, ALTER OPERATOR CLASS

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY, ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY

ALTER POLICY, ALTER POLICY

ALTER PROCEDURE, ALTER PROCEDURE

ALTER PUBLICATION, ALTER PUBLICATION

ALTER ROLE, Role Attributes, ALTER ROLE

ALTER ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE

ALTER RULE, ALTER RULE

ALTER SCHEMA, ALTER SCHEMA

ALTER SEQUENCE, ALTER SEQUENCE

ALTER SERVER, ALTER SERVER

ALTER STATISTICS, ALTER STATISTICS

ALTER SUBSCRIPTION, ALTER SUBSCRIPTION

ALTER SYSTEM, ALTER SYSTEM

ALTER TABLE, ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLESPACE, ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION

ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY

ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER, ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER

ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE

ALTER TRIGGER, ALTER TRIGGER

ALTER TYPE, ALTER TYPE

ALTER USER, ALTER USER

ALTER USER MAPPING, ALTER USER MAPPING

ALTER VIEW, ALTER VIEW

amcheck, amcheck

ANALYZE, Updating Planner Statistics, ANALYZE

AND (operator), Logical Operators

anonymous code blocks, DO

any, Pseudo-Types

ANY, Aggregate Functions, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

anyarray, Pseudo-Types

anyelement, Pseudo-Types

anyenum, Pseudo-Types

anynonarray, Pseudo-Types

anyrange, Pseudo-Types

applicable role, applicable_roles

application_name configuration parameter, What To Log

arbitrary precision numbers, Arbitrary Precision Numbers

archive_cleanup_command recovery parameter, Archive Recovery Settings

archive_command configuration parameter, Archiving

archive_mode configuration parameter, Archiving

archive_timeout configuration parameter, Archiving

area, Geometric Functions and Operators

armor, armor(), dearmor()

array, Arrays : accessing, Accessing Arrays

constant, [Array Value Input](arrays.md#ARRAYS-INPUT)

constructor, [Array Constructors](sql-expressions.md#SQL-SYNTAX-ARRAY-CONSTRUCTORS)

declaration, [Declaration of Array Types](arrays.md#ARRAYS-DECLARATION)

I/O, [Array Input and Output Syntax](arrays.md#ARRAYS-IO)

modifying, [Modifying Arrays](arrays.md#ARRAYS-MODIFYING)

of user-defined type, [User-defined Types](xtypes.md)

searching, [Searching in Arrays](arrays.md#ARRAYS-SEARCHING)

ARRAY, Array Constructors, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

array_agg, Aggregate Functions, Functions

array_append, Array Functions and Operators

array_cat, Array Functions and Operators

array_dims, Array Functions and Operators

array_fill, Array Functions and Operators

array_length, Array Functions and Operators

array_lower, Array Functions and Operators

array_ndims, Array Functions and Operators

array_nulls configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

array_position, Array Functions and Operators

array_positions, Array Functions and Operators

array_prepend, Array Functions and Operators

array_remove, Array Functions and Operators

array_replace, Array Functions and Operators

array_to_json, JSON Functions and Operators

array_to_string, Array Functions and Operators

array_to_tsvector, Text Search Functions and Operators

array_upper, Array Functions and Operators

ascii, String Functions and Operators

asin, Mathematical Functions and Operators

asind, Mathematical Functions and Operators

ASSERT : in PL/pgSQL, Checking Assertions

assertions : in PL/pgSQL, Checking Assertions

asynchronous commit, Asynchronous Commit

AT TIME ZONE, AT TIME ZONE

atan, Mathematical Functions and Operators

atan2, Mathematical Functions and Operators

atan2d, Mathematical Functions and Operators

atand, Mathematical Functions and Operators

authentication_timeout configuration parameter, Authentication

auth_delay, auth_delay

auth_delay.milliseconds configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto-increment (see serial)

autocommit : bulk-loading data, Disable Autocommit

psql, [Variables](app-psql.md#APP-PSQL-VARIABLES)

autovacuum : configuration parameters, Automatic Vacuuming

general information, [The Autovacuum Daemon](routine-vacuuming.md#AUTOVACUUM)

autovacuum configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_analyze_threshold configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_freeze_max_age configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_max_workers configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_naptime configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_vacuum_threshold configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

autovacuum_work_mem configuration parameter, Memory

auto_explain, auto_explain

auto_explain.log_analyze configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_buffers configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_format configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_min_duration configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_nested_statements configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_timing configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_triggers configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.log_verbose configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

auto_explain.sample_rate configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

avals, hstore Operators and Functions

average, Aggregate Functions

avg, Aggregate Functions

B

B-tree (see index)

backend_flush_after configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

Background workers, Background Worker Processes

backslash escapes, String Constants with C-style Escapes

backslash_quote configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

backup, Backup Control Functions, Backup and Restore

base type, The PostgreSQL Type System

BASE_BACKUP, Streaming Replication Protocol

BEGIN, BEGIN

BETWEEN, Comparison Functions and Operators

BETWEEN SYMMETRIC, Comparison Functions and Operators

BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION, Background Worker Processes

BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS, Background Worker Processes

bgwriter_delay configuration parameter, Background Writer

bgwriter_flush_after configuration parameter, Background Writer

bgwriter_lru_maxpages configuration parameter, Background Writer

bgwriter_lru_multiplier configuration parameter, Background Writer

bigint, Numeric Constants, Integer Types

bigserial, Serial Types

binary data, Binary Data Types, Binary String Functions and Operators : functions, Binary String Functions and Operators

binary string : concatenation, Binary String Functions and Operators

length, [Binary String Functions and Operators](functions-binarystring.md)

bison, Requirements

bit string, Bit-string Constants, Bit String Types : constant, Bit-string Constants

data type, [Bit String Types](datatype-bit.md)

bit strings, Bit String Functions and Operators : functions, Bit String Functions and Operators

bitmap scan, Combining Multiple Indexes, Planner Method Configuration

bit_and, Aggregate Functions

bit_length, String Functions and Operators

bit_or, Aggregate Functions

BLOB (see large object)

block_size configuration parameter, Preset Options

bloom, bloom

bonjour configuration parameter, Connection Settings

bonjour_name configuration parameter, Connection Settings

Boolean, Boolean Type : data type, Boolean Type

operators (see operators, logical)

bool_and, Aggregate Functions

bool_or, Aggregate Functions

booting : starting the server during, Starting the Database Server

box, Geometric Functions and Operators

box (data type), Boxes

BRIN (see index)

brin_desummarize_range, Index Maintenance Functions

brin_metapage_info, BRIN Functions

brin_page_items, BRIN Functions

brin_page_type, BRIN Functions

brin_revmap_data, BRIN Functions

brin_summarize_new_values, Index Maintenance Functions

brin_summarize_range, Index Maintenance Functions

broadcast, Network Address Functions and Operators

BSD Authentication, BSD Authentication

btree_gin, btree_gin

btree_gist, btree_gist

btrim, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

bt_index_check, Functions

bt_index_parent_check, Functions

bt_metap, B-tree Functions

bt_page_items, B-tree Functions

bt_page_stats, B-tree Functions

bytea, Binary Data Types

bytea_output configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

C

C, libpq - C Library, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C

C++, Using C++ for Extensibility

CALL, CALL

canceling, Canceling Queries in Progress : SQL command, Canceling Queries in Progress

cardinality, Array Functions and Operators

CASCADE, Dependency Tracking : with DROP, Dependency Tracking

foreign key action, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)

Cascading Replication, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

CASE, Conditional Expressions, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

case sensitivity : of SQL commands, Identifiers and Key Words

cast, CREATE CAST : I/O conversion, CREATE CAST

cbrt, Mathematical Functions and Operators

ceil, Mathematical Functions and Operators

ceiling, Mathematical Functions and Operators

center, Geometric Functions and Operators

Certificate, Certificate Authentication

char, Character Types

character, Character Types

character set, Locale and Formatting, Preset Options, Character Set Support

character string, String Constants, Character Types : concatenation, String Functions and Operators

constant, [String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS)

data types, [Character Types](datatype-character.md)

length, [String Functions and Operators](functions-string.md)

character varying, Character Types

char_length, String Functions and Operators

check constraint, Check Constraints

CHECK OPTION, CREATE VIEW

checkpoint, WAL Configuration

CHECKPOINT, CHECKPOINT

checkpoint_completion_target configuration parameter, Checkpoints

checkpoint_flush_after configuration parameter, Checkpoints

checkpoint_timeout configuration parameter, Checkpoints

checkpoint_warning configuration parameter, Checkpoints

check_function_bodies configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

chr, String Functions and Operators

cid, Object Identifier Types

cidr, cidr

circle, Circles, Geometric Functions and Operators

citext, citext

client authentication, Client Authentication : timeout during, Authentication

client_encoding configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

client_min_messages configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

clock_timestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

CLOSE, CLOSE

cluster : of databases (see database cluster)

CLUSTER, CLUSTER

clusterdb, clusterdb

clustering, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

cluster_name configuration parameter, Process Title

cmax, System Columns

cmin, System Columns

COALESCE, COALESCE

COLLATE, Collation Expressions

collation, Collation Support : in PL/pgSQL, Collation of PL/pgSQL Variables

in SQL functions, [SQL Functions with Collations](xfunc-sql.md#id-1.8.3.8.19)

collation for, System Information Functions

column, Concepts, Table Basics : adding, Adding a Column

removing, [Removing a Column](ddl-alter.md#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-COLUMN)

renaming, [Renaming a Column](ddl-alter.md#id-1.5.4.7.11)

system column, [System Columns](ddl-system-columns.md)

column data type : changing, Changing a Column's Data Type

column reference, Column References

col_description, System Information Functions

comment, Comments : about database objects, System Information Functions

in SQL, [Comments](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-COMMENTS)

COMMENT, COMMENT

COMMIT, COMMIT

COMMIT PREPARED, COMMIT PREPARED

commit_delay configuration parameter, Settings

commit_siblings configuration parameter, Settings

common table expression (see WITH)

comparison, Comparison Functions and Operators, Subquery Expressions : composite type, Row and Array Comparisons

operators, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.md)

row constructor, [Row and Array Comparisons](functions-comparisons.md)

subquery result row, [Subquery Expressions](functions-subquery.md)

compiling, Building libpq Programs : libpq applications, Building libpq Programs

composite type, Composite Types, The PostgreSQL Type System : comparison, Row and Array Comparisons

constant, [Constructing Composite Values](rowtypes.md#id-1.5.7.24.6)

constructor, [Row Constructors](sql-expressions.md#SQL-SYNTAX-ROW-CONSTRUCTORS)

computed field, Using Composite Types in Queries

concat, String Functions and Operators

concat_ws, String Functions and Operators

concurrency, Concurrency Control

conditional expression, Conditional Expressions

configuration : of recovery : of a standby server, Recovery Configuration

of the server, [Server Configuration](runtime-config.md)

of the server
:   functions, [Configuration Settings Functions](functions-admin.md#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET)

configure, Installation Procedure

config_file configuration parameter, File Locations

conjunction, Logical Operators

connectby, Functions Provided, connectby

connection service file, The Connection Service File

conninfo, Connection Strings

constant, Constants

constraint, Constraints : adding, Adding a Constraint

check, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)

exclusion, [Exclusion Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-EXCLUSION)

foreign key, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)

name, [Check Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)

NOT NULL, [Not-Null Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#id-1.5.4.5.6)

primary key, [Primary Keys](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-PRIMARY-KEYS)

removing, [Removing a Constraint](ddl-alter.md#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-CONSTRAINT)

unique, [Unique Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS)

constraint exclusion, Partitioning and Constraint Exclusion, Other Planner Options

constraint_exclusion configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

container type, The PostgreSQL Type System

CONTINUE : in PL/pgSQL, CONTINUE

continuous archiving, Backup and Restore : in standby, Continuous archiving in standby

control file, Extension Files

convert, String Functions and Operators

convert_from, String Functions and Operators

convert_to, String Functions and Operators

COPY, Populating a Table With Rows, Functions Associated with the COPY Command, COPY : with libpq, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

corr, Aggregate Functions

correlation, Aggregate Functions : in the query planner, Extended Statistics

cos, Mathematical Functions and Operators

cosd, Mathematical Functions and Operators

cot, Mathematical Functions and Operators

cotd, Mathematical Functions and Operators

count, Aggregate Functions

covariance : population, Aggregate Functions

sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.md)

covar_pop, Aggregate Functions

covar_samp, Aggregate Functions

covering index, Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes

cpu_index_tuple_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

cpu_operator_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

cpu_tuple_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

CREATE ACCESS METHOD, CREATE ACCESS METHOD

CREATE AGGREGATE, CREATE AGGREGATE

CREATE CAST, CREATE CAST

CREATE COLLATION, CREATE COLLATION

CREATE CONVERSION, CREATE CONVERSION

CREATE DATABASE, Creating a Database, CREATE DATABASE

CREATE DOMAIN, CREATE DOMAIN

CREATE EVENT TRIGGER, CREATE EVENT TRIGGER

CREATE EXTENSION, CREATE EXTENSION

CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE, CREATE FOREIGN TABLE

CREATE FUNCTION, CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE GROUP, CREATE GROUP

CREATE INDEX, CREATE INDEX

CREATE LANGUAGE, CREATE LANGUAGE

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

CREATE OPERATOR, CREATE OPERATOR

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS, CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY, CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY

CREATE POLICY, CREATE POLICY

CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE PROCEDURE

CREATE PUBLICATION, CREATE PUBLICATION

CREATE ROLE, Database Roles, CREATE ROLE

CREATE RULE, CREATE RULE

CREATE SCHEMA, CREATE SCHEMA

CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SEQUENCE

CREATE SERVER, CREATE SERVER

CREATE STATISTICS, CREATE STATISTICS

CREATE SUBSCRIPTION, CREATE SUBSCRIPTION

CREATE TABLE, Creating a New Table, CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE AS, CREATE TABLE AS

CREATE TABLESPACE, Tablespaces, CREATE TABLESPACE

CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION

CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY

CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER, CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER

CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE

CREATE TRANSFORM, CREATE TRANSFORM

CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE TYPE, CREATE TYPE

CREATE USER, CREATE USER

CREATE USER MAPPING, CREATE USER MAPPING

CREATE VIEW, CREATE VIEW

createdb, Creating a Database, Creating a Database, createdb

createuser, Database Roles, createuser

CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT, Streaming Replication Protocol

cross compilation, Installation Procedure

cross join, Joined Tables

crosstab, crosstab(text), crosstabN(text), crosstab(text, text)

crypt, crypt()

cstring, Pseudo-Types

ctid, System Columns

CTID, View Rules in Non-SELECT Statements

CUBE, GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP

cube (extension), cube

cume_dist, Window Functions : hypothetical, Aggregate Functions

current_catalog, System Information Functions

current_database, System Information Functions

current_date, Date/Time Functions and Operators

current_logfiles : and the log_destination configuration parameter, Where To Log

and the pg_current_logfile function, [System Information Functions](functions-info.md)

current_query, System Information Functions

current_role, System Information Functions

current_schema, System Information Functions

current_schemas, System Information Functions

current_setting, Configuration Settings Functions

current_time, Date/Time Functions and Operators

current_timestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

current_user, System Information Functions

currval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

cursor, Cursors, CLOSE, DECLARE, EXPLAIN, FETCH, MOVE : CLOSE, CLOSE

DECLARE, [DECLARE](sql-declare.md)

FETCH, [FETCH](sql-fetch.md)

in PL/pgSQL, [Cursors](plpgsql-cursors.md)

MOVE, [MOVE](sql-move.md)

showing the query plan, [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.md)

cursor_tuple_fraction configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

custom scan provider, Writing A Custom Scan Provider : handler for, Writing A Custom Scan Provider

Cygwin, Cygwin : installation on, Cygwin

D

data area (see database cluster)

data partitioning, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

data type, Data Types, Numeric Types, Enumerated Types, Domain Types, Type Conversion, The PostgreSQL Type System, The PostgreSQL Type System, The PostgreSQL Type System, Polymorphic Types, Base Types in C-Language Functions, User-defined Types : base, The PostgreSQL Type System

category, [Overview](typeconv-overview.md)

composite, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.md)

constant, [Constants of Other Types](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-GENERIC)

container, [The PostgreSQL Type System](extend-type-system.md)

conversion, [Type Conversion](typeconv.md)

domain, [Domain Types](domains.md)

enumerated (enum), [Enumerated Types](datatype-enum.md)

internal organization, [Base Types in C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.md#XFUNC-C-BASETYPE)

numeric, [Numeric Types](datatype-numeric.md)

polymorphic, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.md#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)

type cast, [Type Casts](sql-expressions.md#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS)

user-defined, [User-defined Types](xtypes.md)

database, Creating a Database, Managing Databases : creating, Creating a Database

privilege to create, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.md)

database activity, Monitoring Database Activity : monitoring, Monitoring Database Activity

database cluster, Concepts, Creating a Database Cluster

data_checksums configuration parameter, Preset Options

data_directory configuration parameter, File Locations

data_directory_mode configuration parameter, Preset Options

data_sync_retry configuration parameter, Error Handling

date, Date/Time Types, Dates : constants, Special Values

current, [Current Date/Time](functions-datetime.md#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-CURRENT)

output format, [Date/Time Output](datatype-datetime.md#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT)
:   (see also [formatting](#ientry-idm14220))

DateStyle configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

date_part, Date/Time Functions and Operators, EXTRACT, date_part

date_trunc, Date/Time Functions and Operators, date_trunc

dblink, dblink, dblink

dblink_build_sql_delete, dblink_build_sql_delete

dblink_build_sql_insert, dblink_build_sql_insert

dblink_build_sql_update, dblink_build_sql_update

dblink_cancel_query, dblink_cancel_query

dblink_close, dblink_close

dblink_connect, dblink_connect

dblink_connect_u, dblink_connect_u

dblink_disconnect, dblink_disconnect

dblink_error_message, dblink_error_message

dblink_exec, dblink_exec

dblink_fetch, dblink_fetch

dblink_get_connections, dblink_get_connections

dblink_get_notify, dblink_get_notify

dblink_get_pkey, dblink_get_pkey

dblink_get_result, dblink_get_result

dblink_is_busy, dblink_is_busy

dblink_open, dblink_open

dblink_send_query, dblink_send_query

db_user_namespace configuration parameter, Authentication

deadlock, Deadlocks : timeout during, Lock Management

deadlock_timeout configuration parameter, Lock Management

DEALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE

dearmor, armor(), dearmor()

debug_assertions configuration parameter, Preset Options

debug_deadlocks configuration parameter, Developer Options

debug_pretty_print configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_parse configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_plan configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_rewritten configuration parameter, What To Log

decimal (see numeric)

DECLARE, DECLARE

decode, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

decode_bytea : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

decrypt, Raw Encryption Functions

decrypt_iv, Raw Encryption Functions

default value, Default Values : changing, Changing a Column's Default Value

default_statistics_target configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

default_tablespace configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_text_search_config configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

default_transaction_deferrable configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_transaction_isolation configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_transaction_read_only configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_with_oids configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

deferrable transaction : setting, SET TRANSACTION

setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)

defined, hstore Operators and Functions

degrees, Mathematical Functions and Operators

delay, Delaying Execution

DELETE, Deletions, Deleting Data, Returning Data From Modified Rows, DELETE : RETURNING, Returning Data From Modified Rows

delete, hstore Operators and Functions

deleting, Deleting Data

dense_rank, Window Functions : hypothetical, Aggregate Functions

diameter, Geometric Functions and Operators

dict_int, dict_int

dict_xsyn, dict_xsyn

difference, Soundex

digest, digest()

dirty read, Transaction Isolation

DISCARD, DISCARD

disjunction, Logical Operators

disk drive, WAL Internals

disk space, Recovering Disk Space

disk usage, Determining Disk Usage

DISTINCT, Querying a Table, DISTINCT

div, Mathematical Functions and Operators

dmetaphone, Double Metaphone

dmetaphone_alt, Double Metaphone

DO, DO

document, What Is a Document? : text search, What Is a Document?

dollar quoting, Dollar-quoted String Constants

domain, Domain Types

double precision, Floating-Point Types

DROP ACCESS METHOD, DROP ACCESS METHOD

DROP AGGREGATE, DROP AGGREGATE

DROP CAST, DROP CAST

DROP COLLATION, DROP COLLATION

DROP CONVERSION, DROP CONVERSION

DROP DATABASE, Destroying a Database, DROP DATABASE

DROP DOMAIN, DROP DOMAIN

DROP EVENT TRIGGER, DROP EVENT TRIGGER

DROP EXTENSION, DROP EXTENSION

DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER

DROP FOREIGN TABLE, DROP FOREIGN TABLE

DROP FUNCTION, DROP FUNCTION

DROP GROUP, DROP GROUP

DROP INDEX, DROP INDEX

DROP LANGUAGE, DROP LANGUAGE

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW, DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW

DROP OPERATOR, DROP OPERATOR

DROP OPERATOR CLASS, DROP OPERATOR CLASS

DROP OPERATOR FAMILY, DROP OPERATOR FAMILY

DROP OWNED, DROP OWNED

DROP POLICY, DROP POLICY

DROP PROCEDURE, DROP PROCEDURE

DROP PUBLICATION, DROP PUBLICATION

DROP ROLE, Database Roles, DROP ROLE

DROP ROUTINE, DROP ROUTINE

DROP RULE, DROP RULE

DROP SCHEMA, DROP SCHEMA

DROP SEQUENCE, DROP SEQUENCE

DROP SERVER, DROP SERVER

DROP STATISTICS, DROP STATISTICS

DROP SUBSCRIPTION, DROP SUBSCRIPTION

DROP TABLE, Creating a New Table, DROP TABLE

DROP TABLESPACE, DROP TABLESPACE

DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION

DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY

DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER, DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER

DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE

DROP TRANSFORM, DROP TRANSFORM

DROP TRIGGER, DROP TRIGGER

DROP TYPE, DROP TYPE

DROP USER, DROP USER

DROP USER MAPPING, DROP USER MAPPING

DROP VIEW, DROP VIEW

dropdb, Destroying a Database, dropdb

dropuser, Database Roles, dropuser

DROP_REPLICATION_SLOT, Streaming Replication Protocol

DTD, Creating XML Values

DTrace, Installation Procedure, Dynamic Tracing

duplicate, Querying a Table

duplicates, DISTINCT

dynamic loading, Other Defaults, Dynamic Loading

dynamic_library_path, Dynamic Loading

dynamic_library_path configuration parameter, Other Defaults

dynamic_shared_memory_type configuration parameter, Memory

E

each, hstore Operators and Functions

earth, Cube-based Earth Distances

earthdistance, earthdistance

earth_box, Cube-based Earth Distances

earth_distance, Cube-based Earth Distances

ECPG, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C

ecpg, ecpg

effective_cache_size configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

effective_io_concurrency configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

elog, Reporting Errors Within the Server : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

in PL/Python, [Utility Functions](plpython-util.md)

in PL/Tcl, [Database Access from PL/Tcl](pltcl-dbaccess.md)

embedded SQL, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C : in C, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C

enabled role, enabled_roles

enable_bitmapscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_gathermerge configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_hashagg configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_hashjoin configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_indexonlyscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_indexscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_material configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_mergejoin configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_nestloop configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_parallel_append configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_parallel_hash configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_partitionwise_aggregate configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_partitionwise_join configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_partition_pruning configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_seqscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_sort configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_tidscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

encode, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

encode_array_constructor : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

encode_array_literal : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

encode_bytea : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

encode_typed_literal : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

encrypt, Raw Encryption Functions

encryption, Encryption Options, pgcrypto : for specific columns, pgcrypto

encrypt_iv, Raw Encryption Functions

END, END

enumerated types, Enumerated Types

enum_first, Enum Support Functions

enum_last, Enum Support Functions

enum_range, Enum Support Functions

environment variable, Environment Variables

ephemeral named relation : registering with SPI, SPI_register_relation, SPI_register_trigger_data

unregistering from SPI, [SPI_unregister_relation](spi-spi-unregister-relation.md)

ereport, Reporting Errors Within the Server

error codes, PostgreSQL Error Codes : libpq, Main Functions

list of, [PostgreSQL Error Codes](errcodes-appendix.md)

error message, Connection Status Functions

escape string syntax, String Constants with C-style Escapes

escape_string_warning configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

escaping strings, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands : in libpq, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

event log, Registering Event Log on Windows : event log, Registering Event Log on Windows

event trigger, Event Triggers, Writing Event Trigger Functions in C : in C, Writing Event Trigger Functions in C

in PL/Tcl, [Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](pltcl-event-trigger.md)

event_source configuration parameter, Where To Log

event_trigger, Pseudo-Types

every, Aggregate Functions

EXCEPT, Combining Queries

exceptions : in PL/pgSQL, Trapping Errors

in PL/Tcl, [Error Handling in PL/Tcl](pltcl-error-handling.md)

exclusion constraint, Exclusion Constraints

EXECUTE, EXECUTE

exist, hstore Operators and Functions

EXISTS, Subquery Expressions

EXIT : in PL/pgSQL, EXIT

exit_on_error configuration parameter, Error Handling

exp, Mathematical Functions and Operators

EXPLAIN, Using EXPLAIN, EXPLAIN

expression, Value Expressions : order of evaluation, Expression Evaluation Rules

syntax, [Value Expressions](sql-expressions.md)

extending SQL, Extending SQL

extension, Packaging Related Objects into an Extension : externally maintained, Extensions

external_pid_file configuration parameter, File Locations

extract, Date/Time Functions and Operators, EXTRACT, date_part

extra_float_digits configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

F

failover, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

false, Boolean Type

family, Network Address Functions and Operators

fast path, The Fast-Path Interface

fdw_handler, Pseudo-Types

FETCH, FETCH

field : computed, Using Composite Types in Queries

field selection, Field Selection

file system mount points, Use of Secondary File Systems

file_fdw, file_fdw

FILTER, Aggregate Expressions

first_value, Window Functions

flex, Requirements

float4 (see real)

float8 (see double precision)

floating point, Floating-Point Types

floating-point : display, Locale and Formatting

floor, Mathematical Functions and Operators

force_parallel_mode configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

foreign data, Foreign Data

foreign data wrapper, Writing A Foreign Data Wrapper : handler for, Writing A Foreign Data Wrapper

foreign key, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys

foreign table, Foreign Data

format, String Functions and Operators, format : use in PL/pgSQL, Executing Dynamic Commands

formatting, Data Type Formatting Functions

format_type, System Information Functions

Free Space Map, Free Space Map

FreeBSD : IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)

from_collapse_limit configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

FSM (see Free Space Map)

fsm_page_contents, General Functions

fsync configuration parameter, Settings

full text search, Text Search Types, Text Search Types, Full Text Search : data types, Text Search Types

functions and operators, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.md)

full_page_writes configuration parameter, Settings

function, Table Functions, Functions and Operators, Functions, Polymorphic Types, User-defined Functions, Query Language (SQL) Functions, Internal Functions, C-Language Functions : default values for arguments, SQL Functions with Default Values for Arguments

in the FROM clause, [Table Functions](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS)

internal, [Internal Functions](xfunc-internal.md)

invocation, [Function Calls](sql-expressions.md#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-FUNCTION-CALLS)

mixed notation, [Using Mixed Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.md#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-MIXED)

named argument, [Arguments for SQL Functions](xfunc-sql.md#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTION-ARGUMENTS)

named notation, [Using Named Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.md#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-NAMED)

output parameter, [SQL Functions with Output Parameters](xfunc-sql.md#XFUNC-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS)

polymorphic, [Polymorphic Types](extend-type-system.md#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC)

positional notation, [Using Positional Notation](sql-syntax-calling-funcs.md#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-POSITIONAL)

RETURNS TABLE, [SQL Functions Returning TABLE](xfunc-sql.md#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-TABLE)

type resolution in an invocation, [Functions](typeconv-func.md)

user-defined, [User-defined Functions](xfunc.md), [Query Language (SQL) Functions](xfunc-sql.md), [C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.md)
:   in C, [C-Language Functions](xfunc-c.md)

    in SQL, [Query Language (SQL) Functions](xfunc-sql.md)

variadic, [SQL Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments](xfunc-sql.md#XFUNC-SQL-VARIADIC-FUNCTIONS)

with SETOF, [SQL Functions Returning Sets](xfunc-sql.md#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-SET)

functional dependency, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

fuzzystrmatch, fuzzystrmatch

G

gc_to_sec, Cube-based Earth Distances

generate_series, Set Returning Functions

generate_subscripts, Set Returning Functions

genetic query optimization, Genetic Query Optimizer

gen_random_bytes, Random-Data Functions

gen_random_uuid, Random-Data Functions

gen_salt, gen_salt()

GEQO (see genetic query optimization)

geqo configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_effort configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_generations configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_pool_size configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_seed configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_selection_bias configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_threshold configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

get_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators

get_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators

get_current_ts_config, Text Search Functions and Operators

get_raw_page, General Functions

GIN (see index)

gin_clean_pending_list, Index Maintenance Functions

gin_fuzzy_search_limit configuration parameter, Other Defaults

gin_leafpage_items, GIN Functions

gin_metapage_info, GIN Functions

gin_page_opaque_info, GIN Functions

gin_pending_list_limit configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

GiST (see index)

global data, Global Data in PL/Tcl : in PL/Python, Sharing Data

in PL/Tcl, [Global Data in PL/Tcl](pltcl-global.md)

GRANT, Privileges, GRANT

GREATEST, GREATEST and LEAST, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

Gregorian calendar, History of Units

GROUP BY, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

grouping, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

GROUPING, Aggregate Functions

GROUPING SETS, GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP

GSSAPI, GSSAPI Authentication

GUID, UUID Type

H

hash (see index)

hash_bitmap_info, Hash Functions

hash_metapage_info, Hash Functions

hash_page_items, Hash Functions

hash_page_stats, Hash Functions

hash_page_type, Hash Functions

has_any_column_privilege, System Information Functions

has_column_privilege, System Information Functions

has_database_privilege, System Information Functions

has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege, System Information Functions

has_function_privilege, System Information Functions

has_language_privilege, System Information Functions

has_schema_privilege, System Information Functions

has_sequence_privilege, System Information Functions

has_server_privilege, System Information Functions

has_tablespace_privilege, System Information Functions

has_table_privilege, System Information Functions

has_type_privilege, System Information Functions

HAVING, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

hba_file configuration parameter, File Locations

heap_page_items, General Functions

heap_page_item_attrs, General Functions

height, Geometric Functions and Operators

hierarchical database, Concepts

high availability, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

history, A Brief History of PostgreSQL : of PostgreSQL, A Brief History of PostgreSQL

hmac, hmac()

host, Network Address Functions and Operators

host name, Parameter Key Words

hostmask, Network Address Functions and Operators

Hot Standby, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

hot_standby configuration parameter, Standby Servers

hot_standby_feedback configuration parameter, Standby Servers

HP-UX, HP-UX : installation on, HP-UX

IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.md#SYSVIPC)

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

hstore, hstore, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_array, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_json, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_jsonb, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_jsonb_loose, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_json_loose, hstore Operators and Functions

hstore_to_matrix, hstore Operators and Functions

huge_pages configuration parameter, Memory

hypothetical-set aggregate : built-in, Aggregate Functions

I

icount, intarray Functions and Operators

ICU, Installation Procedure, Managing Collations, Parameters

ident, Ident Authentication

identifier, Identifiers and Key Words : length, Identifiers and Key Words

syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)

IDENTIFY_SYSTEM, Streaming Replication Protocol

ident_file configuration parameter, File Locations

idle_in_transaction_session_timeout configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

idx, intarray Functions and Operators

IFNULL, COALESCE

ignore_checksum_failure configuration parameter, Developer Options

ignore_system_indexes configuration parameter, Developer Options

IMMUTABLE, Function Volatility Categories

IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA, IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA

IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

INCLUDE : in index definitions, Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes

include : in configuration file, Managing Configuration File Contents

include_dir : in configuration file, Managing Configuration File Contents

include_if_exists : in configuration file, Managing Configuration File Contents

index, Indexes, Multicolumn Indexes, Indexes and ORDER BY, Combining Multiple Indexes, Unique Indexes, Indexes on Expressions, Partial Indexes, Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes, Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes, Examining Index Usage, GIN and GiST Index Types, GIN and GiST Index Types, Locking and Indexes, Interfacing Extensions To Indexes, Building Indexes Concurrently, Operators and Functions : and ORDER BY, Indexes and ORDER BY

B-tree, [Index Types](indexes-types.md)

B-Tree, [B-Tree Indexes](btree.md)

BRIN, [Index Types](indexes-types.md), [BRIN Indexes](brin.md)

building concurrently, [Building Indexes Concurrently](sql-createindex.md#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY)

combining multiple indexes, [Combining Multiple Indexes](indexes-bitmap-scans.md)

covering, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.md)

examining usage, [Examining Index Usage](indexes-examine.md)

on expressions, [Indexes on Expressions](indexes-expressional.md)

for user-defined data type, [Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](xindex.md)

GIN, [Index Types](indexes-types.md), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.md), [GIN Indexes](gin.md)
:   text search, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.md)

GiST, [Index Types](indexes-types.md), [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.md), [GiST Indexes](gist.md)
:   text search, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.md)

hash, [Index Types](indexes-types.md)

index-only scans, [Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](indexes-index-only-scans.md)

locks, [Locking and Indexes](locking-indexes.md)

multicolumn, [Multicolumn Indexes](indexes-multicolumn.md)

partial, [Partial Indexes](indexes-partial.md)

SP-GiST, [Index Types](indexes-types.md), [SP-GiST Indexes](spgist.md)

unique, [Unique Indexes](indexes-unique.md)

index scan, Planner Method Configuration

index-only scan, Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes

index_am_handler, Pseudo-Types

inet (data type), inet

inet_client_addr, System Information Functions

inet_client_port, System Information Functions

inet_merge, Network Address Functions and Operators

inet_same_family, Network Address Functions and Operators

inet_server_addr, System Information Functions

inet_server_port, System Information Functions

information schema, The Information Schema

inheritance, Inheritance, Inheritance

initcap, String Functions and Operators

initdb, Creating a Database Cluster, initdb

Initialization Fork, The Initialization Fork

input function, User-defined Types

INSERT, Populating a Table With Rows, Inserting Data, Returning Data From Modified Rows, INSERT : RETURNING, Returning Data From Modified Rows

inserting, Inserting Data

installation, Installation from Source Code : on Windows, Installation from Source Code on Windows

instr function, Appendix

int2 (see smallint)

int4 (see integer)

int8 (see bigint)

intagg, intagg

intarray, intarray

integer, Numeric Constants, Integer Types

integer_datetimes configuration parameter, Preset Options

interfaces : externally maintained, Client Interfaces

internal, Pseudo-Types

INTERSECT, Combining Queries

interval, Date/Time Types, Interval Input : output format, Interval Output : (see also formatting)

IntervalStyle configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

intset, intarray Functions and Operators

int_array_aggregate, Functions

int_array_enum, Functions

inverse distribution, Aggregate Functions

in_range support functions, B-Tree Support Functions

IS DISTINCT FROM, Comparison Functions and Operators, Row and Array Comparisons

IS DOCUMENT, IS DOCUMENT

IS FALSE, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS NOT DISTINCT FROM, Comparison Functions and Operators, Row and Array Comparisons

IS NOT DOCUMENT, IS NOT DOCUMENT

IS NOT FALSE, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS NOT NULL, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS NOT TRUE, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS NOT UNKNOWN, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS NULL, Comparison Functions and Operators, Platform and Client Compatibility

IS TRUE, Comparison Functions and Operators

IS UNKNOWN, Comparison Functions and Operators

isclosed, Geometric Functions and Operators

isempty, Range Functions and Operators

isfinite, Date/Time Functions and Operators

isn, isn

ISNULL, Comparison Functions and Operators

isn_weak, Functions and Operators

isopen, Geometric Functions and Operators

is_array_ref : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

is_valid, Functions and Operators

J

JIT, Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)

jit configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

jit_above_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

jit_debugging_support configuration parameter, Developer Options

jit_dump_bitcode configuration parameter, Developer Options

jit_expressions configuration parameter, Developer Options

jit_inline_above_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

jit_optimize_above_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

jit_profiling_support configuration parameter, Developer Options

jit_provider configuration parameter, Shared Library Preloading

jit_tuple_deforming configuration parameter, Developer Options

join, Joins Between Tables, Joined Tables, Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses : controlling the order, Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses

cross, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-JOIN)

left, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-JOIN)

natural, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-JOIN)

outer, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.md), [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-JOIN)

right, [Joined Tables](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-JOIN)

self, [Joins Between Tables](tutorial-join.md)

join_collapse_limit configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

JSON, JSON Types, JSON Functions and Operators : functions and operators, JSON Functions and Operators

JSONB, JSON Types

jsonb : containment, jsonb Containment and Existence

existence, [jsonb Containment and Existence](datatype-json.md#JSON-CONTAINMENT)

indexes on, [jsonb Indexing](datatype-json.md#JSON-INDEXING)

jsonb_agg, Aggregate Functions

jsonb_array_elements, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_array_elements_text, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_array_length, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_build_array, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_build_object, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_each, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_each_text, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_extract_path, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_extract_path_text, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_insert, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_object, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_object_agg, Aggregate Functions

jsonb_object_keys, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_populate_record, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_populate_recordset, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_pretty, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_set, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_strip_nulls, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_to_record, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_to_recordset, JSON Functions and Operators

jsonb_typeof, JSON Functions and Operators

json_agg, Aggregate Functions

json_array_elements, JSON Functions and Operators

json_array_elements_text, JSON Functions and Operators

json_array_length, JSON Functions and Operators

json_build_array, JSON Functions and Operators

json_build_object, JSON Functions and Operators

json_each, JSON Functions and Operators

json_each_text, JSON Functions and Operators

json_extract_path, JSON Functions and Operators

json_extract_path_text, JSON Functions and Operators

json_object, JSON Functions and Operators

json_object_agg, Aggregate Functions

json_object_keys, JSON Functions and Operators

json_populate_record, JSON Functions and Operators

json_populate_recordset, JSON Functions and Operators

json_strip_nulls, JSON Functions and Operators

json_to_record, JSON Functions and Operators

json_to_recordset, JSON Functions and Operators

json_typeof, JSON Functions and Operators

Julian date, History of Units

Just-In-Time compilation (see JIT)

justify_days, Date/Time Functions and Operators

justify_hours, Date/Time Functions and Operators

justify_interval, Date/Time Functions and Operators

K

key word, Identifiers and Key Words, SQL Key Words : list of, SQL Key Words

syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)

krb_caseins_users configuration parameter, Authentication

krb_server_keyfile configuration parameter, Authentication

L

label (see alias)

lag, Window Functions

language_handler, Pseudo-Types

large object, Large Objects

lastval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

last_value, Window Functions

LATERAL, LATERAL Subqueries : in the FROM clause, LATERAL Subqueries

latitude, Cube-based Earth Distances

lca, Operators and Functions

lc_collate configuration parameter, Preset Options

lc_ctype configuration parameter, Preset Options

lc_messages configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_monetary configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_numeric configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_time configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

LDAP, Installation Procedure, LDAP Authentication

LDAP connection parameter lookup, LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters

ldconfig, Shared Libraries

lead, Window Functions

LEAST, GREATEST and LEAST, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

left, String Functions and Operators

left join, Joined Tables

length, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators, Geometric Functions and Operators, Text Search Functions and Operators : of a binary string (see binary strings, length)

of a character string (see [character string, length](#ientry-idm1272))

length(tsvector), Manipulating Documents

levenshtein, Levenshtein

levenshtein_less_equal, Levenshtein

lex, Requirements

libedit, Requirements

libperl, Requirements

libpq, libpq - C Library, Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row : single-row mode, Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row

libpq-fe.h, libpq - C Library, Connection Status Functions

libpq-int.h, Connection Status Functions

libpython, Requirements

library finalization function, Dynamic Loading

library initialization function, Dynamic Loading

LIKE, LIKE : and locales, Behavior

LIMIT, LIMIT and OFFSET

line, Lines

line segment, Line Segments

linear regression, Aggregate Functions

Linux : IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)

LISTEN, LISTEN

listen_addresses configuration parameter, Connection Settings

llvm-config, Installation Procedure

ll_to_earth, Cube-based Earth Distances

ln, Mathematical Functions and Operators

lo, lo

LOAD, LOAD

load balancing, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

locale, Creating a Database Cluster, Locale Support

localtime, Date/Time Functions and Operators

localtimestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

local_preload_libraries configuration parameter, Shared Library Preloading

lock, Explicit Locking, Advisory Locks, Viewing Locks : advisory, Advisory Locks

monitoring, [Viewing Locks](monitoring-locks.md)

LOCK, Table-level Locks, LOCK

lock_timeout configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

log, Mathematical Functions and Operators

log shipping, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

Logging : current_logfiles file and the pg_current_logfile function, System Information Functions

pg_current_logfile function, [System Information Functions](functions-info.md)

logging_collector configuration parameter, Where To Log

Logical Decoding, Logical Decoding, Logical Decoding

log_autovacuum_min_duration configuration parameter, Automatic Vacuuming

log_btree_build_stats configuration parameter, Developer Options

log_checkpoints configuration parameter, What To Log

log_connections configuration parameter, What To Log

log_destination configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_directory configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_disconnections configuration parameter, What To Log

log_duration configuration parameter, What To Log

log_error_verbosity configuration parameter, What To Log

log_executor_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_filename configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_file_mode configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_hostname configuration parameter, What To Log

log_line_prefix configuration parameter, What To Log

log_lock_waits configuration parameter, What To Log

log_min_duration_statement configuration parameter, When To Log

log_min_error_statement configuration parameter, When To Log

log_min_messages configuration parameter, When To Log

log_parser_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_planner_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_replication_commands configuration parameter, What To Log

log_rotation_age configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_rotation_size configuration parameter, Where To Log

log_statement configuration parameter, What To Log

log_statement_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_temp_files configuration parameter, What To Log

log_timezone configuration parameter, What To Log

log_truncate_on_rotation configuration parameter, Where To Log

longitude, Cube-based Earth Distances

looks_like_number : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

loop, Simple Loops : in PL/pgSQL, Simple Loops

lower, String Functions and Operators, Range Functions and Operators : and locales, Behavior

lower_inc, Range Functions and Operators

lower_inf, Range Functions and Operators

lo_close, Closing a Large Object Descriptor

lo_compat_privileges configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

lo_creat, Creating a Large Object, Server-side Functions

lo_create, Creating a Large Object

lo_export, Exporting a Large Object, Server-side Functions

lo_from_bytea, Server-side Functions

lo_get, Server-side Functions

lo_import, Importing a Large Object, Server-side Functions

lo_import_with_oid, Importing a Large Object

lo_lseek, Seeking in a Large Object

lo_lseek64, Seeking in a Large Object

lo_open, Opening an Existing Large Object

lo_put, Server-side Functions

lo_read, Reading Data from a Large Object

lo_tell, Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object

lo_tell64, Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object

lo_truncate, Truncating a Large Object

lo_truncate64, Truncating a Large Object

lo_unlink, Removing a Large Object, Server-side Functions

lo_write, Writing Data to a Large Object

lpad, String Functions and Operators

lseg, Line Segments, Geometric Functions and Operators

LSN, WAL Internals

ltree, ltree

ltree2text, Operators and Functions

ltrim, String Functions and Operators

M

MAC address (see macaddr)

MAC address (EUI-64 format) (see macaddr)

macaddr (data type), macaddr

macaddr8 (data type), macaddr8

macaddr8_set7bit, Network Address Functions and Operators

macOS, macOS : installation on, macOS

IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.md#SYSVIPC)

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

magic block, Dynamic Loading

maintenance, Routine Database Maintenance Tasks

maintenance_work_mem configuration parameter, Memory

make, Requirements

make_date, Date/Time Functions and Operators

make_interval, Date/Time Functions and Operators

make_time, Date/Time Functions and Operators

make_timestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

make_timestamptz, Date/Time Functions and Operators

make_valid, Functions and Operators

MANPATH, Environment Variables

masklen, Network Address Functions and Operators

materialized view, Materialized Views : implementation through rules, Materialized Views

materialized views, pg_matviews

max, Aggregate Functions

max_connections configuration parameter, Connection Settings

max_files_per_process configuration parameter, Kernel Resource Usage

max_function_args configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_identifier_length configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_index_keys configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_locks_per_transaction configuration parameter, Lock Management

max_logical_replication_workers configuration parameter, Subscribers

max_parallel_maintenance_workers configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

max_parallel_workers configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

max_parallel_workers_per_gather configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

max_pred_locks_per_page configuration parameter, Lock Management

max_pred_locks_per_relation configuration parameter, Lock Management

max_pred_locks_per_transaction configuration parameter, Lock Management

max_prepared_transactions configuration parameter, Memory

max_replication_slots configuration parameter, Sending Servers

max_stack_depth configuration parameter, Memory

max_standby_archive_delay configuration parameter, Standby Servers

max_standby_streaming_delay configuration parameter, Standby Servers

max_sync_workers_per_subscription configuration parameter, Subscribers

max_wal_senders configuration parameter, Sending Servers

max_wal_size configuration parameter, Checkpoints

max_worker_processes configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

md5, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

MD5, Password Authentication

median, Aggregate Expressions : (see also percentile)

memory context : in SPI, Memory Management

memory overcommit, Linux Memory Overcommit

metaphone, Metaphone

min, Aggregate Functions

MinGW, MinGW/Native Windows : installation on, MinGW/Native Windows

min_parallel_index_scan_size configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

min_parallel_table_scan_size configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

min_wal_size configuration parameter, Checkpoints

mod, Mathematical Functions and Operators

mode : statistical, Aggregate Functions

monitoring, Monitoring Database Activity : database activity, Monitoring Database Activity

MOVE, MOVE

moving-aggregate mode, Moving-Aggregate Mode

Multiversion Concurrency Control, Introduction

MultiXactId, Multixacts and Wraparound

MVCC, Introduction

N

name, Identifiers and Key Words : qualified, Creating a Schema

syntax of, [Identifiers and Key Words](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS)

unqualified, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.md#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH)

NaN (see not a number)

natural join, Joined Tables

negation, Logical Operators

NetBSD : IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)

netmask, Network Address Functions and Operators

network, Network Address Types, Network Address Functions and Operators : data types, Network Address Types

Network Attached Storage (NAS) (see Network File Systems)

Network File Systems, Use of Network File Systems

nextval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

NFS (see Network File Systems)

nlevel, Operators and Functions

non-durable, Non-Durable Settings

nonblocking connection, Database Connection Control Functions, Asynchronous Command Processing

nonrepeatable read, Transaction Isolation

normal_rand, normal_rand

NOT (operator), Logical Operators

not a number : double precision, Floating-Point Types

numeric (data type), [Arbitrary Precision Numbers](datatype-numeric.md#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)

NOT IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

not-null constraint, Not-Null Constraints

notation, Calling Functions : functions, Calling Functions

notice processing, Notice Processing : in libpq, Notice Processing

notice processor, Notice Processing

notice receiver, Notice Processing

NOTIFY, Asynchronous Notification, NOTIFY : in libpq, Asynchronous Notification

NOTNULL, Comparison Functions and Operators

now, Date/Time Functions and Operators

npoints, Geometric Functions and Operators

nth_value, Window Functions

ntile, Window Functions

null value : with check constraints, Check Constraints

comparing, [Comparison Functions and Operators](functions-comparison.md)

default value, [Default Values](ddl-default.md)

in DISTINCT, [DISTINCT](queries-select-lists.md#QUERIES-DISTINCT)

in libpq, [Retrieving Query Result Information](libpq-exec.md#LIBPQ-EXEC-SELECT-INFO)

in PL/Perl, [PL/Perl Functions and Arguments](plperl-funcs.md)

in PL/Python, [Null, None](plpython-data.md#id-1.8.11.11.4)

with unique constraints, [Unique Constraints](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS)

NULLIF, NULLIF

number : constant, Numeric Constants

numeric, Numeric Constants

numeric (data type), Arbitrary Precision Numbers

numnode, Text Search Functions and Operators, Manipulating Queries

num_nonnulls, Comparison Functions and Operators

num_nulls, Comparison Functions and Operators

NVL, COALESCE

O

object identifier, Object Identifier Types : data type, Object Identifier Types

object-oriented database, Concepts

obj_description, System Information Functions

octet_length, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

OFFSET, LIMIT and OFFSET

OID : column, System Columns

in libpq, [Retrieving Other Result Information](libpq-exec.md#LIBPQ-EXEC-NONSELECT)

oid, Object Identifier Types

oid2name, oid2name

old_snapshot_threshold configuration parameter, Asynchronous Behavior

ON CONFLICT, INSERT

ONLY, The FROM Clause

OOM, Linux Memory Overcommit

opaque, Pseudo-Types

OpenBSD : IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)

OpenSSL, Installation Procedure : (see also SSL)

operator, Operators, Operator Precedence, Functions and Operators, Logical Operators, Operators, User-defined Operators : invocation, Operator Invocations

logical, [Logical Operators](functions-logical.md)

precedence, [Operator Precedence](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-PRECEDENCE)

syntax, [Operators](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-OPERATORS)

type resolution in an invocation, [Operators](typeconv-oper.md)

user-defined, [User-defined Operators](xoper.md)

operator class, Operator Classes and Operator Families, Index Methods and Operator Classes

operator family, Operator Classes and Operator Families, Operator Classes and Operator Families

operator_precedence_warning configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

OR (operator), Logical Operators

Oracle, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL : porting from PL/SQL to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL

ORDER BY, Querying a Table, Sorting Rows : and locales, Behavior

ordered-set aggregate, Aggregate Expressions : built-in, Aggregate Functions

ordering operator, System Dependencies on Operator Classes

ordinality, Set Returning Functions

outer join, Joined Tables

output function, User-defined Types

OVER clause, Window Function Calls

overcommit, Linux Memory Overcommit

OVERLAPS, Date/Time Functions and Operators

overlay, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

overloading, Function Overloading : functions, Function Overloading

operators, [User-defined Operators](xoper.md)

owner, Privileges

P

pageinspect, pageinspect

page_checksum, General Functions

page_header, General Functions

palloc, Writing Code

PAM, Installation Procedure, PAM Authentication

parallel query, Parallel Query

parallel_leader_participation configuration parameter , Other Planner Options

parallel_setup_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

parallel_tuple_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

parameter : syntax, Positional Parameters

parenthesis, Value Expressions

parse_ident, String Functions and Operators

partition pruning, Partition Pruning

partitioned table, Table Partitioning

partitioning, Table Partitioning

password, Role Attributes : authentication, Password Authentication

of the superuser, [Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.md)

password file, The Password File

passwordcheck, passwordcheck

password_encryption configuration parameter, Authentication

path, Geometric Functions and Operators : for schemas, Statement Behavior

PATH, Environment Variables

path (data type), Paths

pattern matching, Pattern Matching

patterns : in psql and pg_dump, Patterns

pclose, Geometric Functions and Operators

peer, Peer Authentication

percentile : continuous, Aggregate Functions

discrete, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.md)

percent_rank, Window Functions : hypothetical, Aggregate Functions

performance, Performance Tips

perl, Requirements

Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language

permission (see privilege)

pfree, Writing Code

PGAPPNAME, Environment Variables

pgbench, pgbench

PGcancel, Canceling Queries in Progress

PGCLIENTENCODING, Environment Variables

PGconn, Database Connection Control Functions

PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT, Environment Variables

pgcrypto, pgcrypto

PGDATA, Creating a Database Cluster

PGDATABASE, Environment Variables

PGDATESTYLE, Environment Variables

PGEventProc, Event Callback Procedure

PGGEQO, Environment Variables

PGGSSLIB, Environment Variables

PGHOST, Environment Variables

PGHOSTADDR, Environment Variables

PGKRBSRVNAME, Environment Variables

PGLOCALEDIR, Environment Variables

PGOPTIONS, Environment Variables

PGPASSFILE, Environment Variables

PGPASSWORD, Environment Variables

PGPORT, Environment Variables

pgp_armor_headers, pgp_armor_headers

pgp_key_id, pgp_key_id()

pgp_pub_decrypt, pgp_pub_decrypt()

pgp_pub_decrypt_bytea, pgp_pub_decrypt()

pgp_pub_encrypt, pgp_pub_encrypt()

pgp_pub_encrypt_bytea, pgp_pub_encrypt()

pgp_sym_decrypt, pgp_sym_decrypt()

pgp_sym_decrypt_bytea, pgp_sym_decrypt()

pgp_sym_encrypt, pgp_sym_encrypt()

pgp_sym_encrypt_bytea, pgp_sym_encrypt()

PGREQUIREPEER, Environment Variables

PGREQUIRESSL, Environment Variables

PGresult, Main Functions

pgrowlocks, pgrowlocks, Overview

PGSERVICE, Environment Variables

PGSERVICEFILE, Environment Variables

PGSSLCERT, Environment Variables

PGSSLCOMPRESSION, Environment Variables

PGSSLCRL, Environment Variables

PGSSLKEY, Environment Variables

PGSSLMODE, Environment Variables

PGSSLROOTCERT, Environment Variables

pgstatginindex, Functions

pgstathashindex, Functions

pgstatindex, Functions

pgstattuple, pgstattuple, Functions

pgstattuple_approx, Functions

PGSYSCONFDIR, Environment Variables

PGTARGETSESSIONATTRS, Environment Variables

PGTZ, Environment Variables

PGUSER, Environment Variables

pgxs, Extension Building Infrastructure

pg_advisory_lock, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_lock_shared, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_unlock, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_unlock_all, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_unlock_shared, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_xact_lock, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_aggregate, pg_aggregate

pg_am, pg_am

pg_amop, pg_amop

pg_amproc, pg_amproc

pg_archivecleanup, pg_archivecleanup

pg_attrdef, pg_attrdef

pg_attribute, pg_attribute

pg_authid, pg_authid

pg_auth_members, pg_auth_members

pg_available_extensions, pg_available_extensions

pg_available_extension_versions, pg_available_extension_versions

pg_backend_pid, System Information Functions

pg_backup_start_time, Backup Control Functions

pg_basebackup, pg_basebackup

pg_blocking_pids, System Information Functions

pg_buffercache, pg_buffercache

pg_buffercache_pages, pg_buffercache

pg_cancel_backend, Server Signaling Functions

pg_cast, pg_cast

pg_class, pg_class

pg_client_encoding, String Functions and Operators

pg_collation, pg_collation

pg_collation_actual_version, Database Object Management Functions

pg_collation_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_column_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_config, pg_config, pg_config : with ecpg, Processing Embedded SQL Programs

with libpq, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.md)

with user-defined C functions, [Writing Code](xfunc-c.md#id-1.8.3.13.8)

pg_conf_load_time, System Information Functions

pg_constraint, pg_constraint

pg_controldata, pg_controldata

pg_control_checkpoint, System Information Functions

pg_control_init, System Information Functions

pg_control_recovery, System Information Functions

pg_control_system, System Information Functions

pg_conversion, pg_conversion

pg_conversion_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_create_logical_replication_slot, Replication Functions

pg_create_physical_replication_slot, Replication Functions

pg_create_restore_point, Backup Control Functions

pg_ctl, Creating a Database Cluster, Starting the Database Server, pg_ctl

pg_current_logfile, System Information Functions

pg_current_wal_flush_lsn, Backup Control Functions

pg_current_wal_insert_lsn, Backup Control Functions

pg_current_wal_lsn, Backup Control Functions

pg_cursors, pg_cursors

pg_database, Template Databases, pg_database

pg_database_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_db_role_setting, pg_db_role_setting

pg_ddl_command, Pseudo-Types

pg_default_acl, pg_default_acl

pg_depend, pg_depend

pg_describe_object, System Information Functions

pg_description, pg_description

pg_drop_replication_slot, Replication Functions

pg_dump, pg_dump

pg_dumpall, pg_dumpall : use during upgrade, Upgrading Data via pg_dumpall

pg_enum, pg_enum

pg_event_trigger, pg_event_trigger

pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands, Capturing Changes at Command End

pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects, Processing Objects Dropped by a DDL Command

pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid, Handling a Table Rewrite Event

pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason, Handling a Table Rewrite Event

pg_export_snapshot, Snapshot Synchronization Functions

pg_extension, pg_extension

pg_extension_config_dump, Extension Configuration Tables

pg_filenode_relation, Database Object Management Functions

pg_file_rename, adminpack

pg_file_settings, pg_file_settings

pg_file_unlink, adminpack

pg_file_write, adminpack

pg_foreign_data_wrapper, pg_foreign_data_wrapper

pg_foreign_server, pg_foreign_server

pg_foreign_table, pg_foreign_table

pg_freespace, Functions

pg_freespacemap, pg_freespacemap

pg_function_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_get_constraintdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_expr, System Information Functions

pg_get_functiondef, System Information Functions

pg_get_function_arguments, System Information Functions

pg_get_function_identity_arguments, System Information Functions

pg_get_function_result, System Information Functions

pg_get_indexdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_keywords, System Information Functions

pg_get_object_address, System Information Functions

pg_get_ruledef, System Information Functions

pg_get_serial_sequence, System Information Functions

pg_get_statisticsobjdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_triggerdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_userbyid, System Information Functions

pg_get_viewdef, System Information Functions

pg_group, pg_group

pg_has_role, System Information Functions

pg_hba.conf, The pg_hba.conf File

pg_hba_file_rules, pg_hba_file_rules

pg_ident.conf, User Name Maps

pg_identify_object, System Information Functions

pg_identify_object_as_address, System Information Functions

pg_import_system_collations, Database Object Management Functions

pg_index, pg_index

pg_indexam_has_property, System Information Functions

pg_indexes, pg_indexes

pg_indexes_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_index_column_has_property, System Information Functions

pg_index_has_property, System Information Functions

pg_inherits, pg_inherits

pg_init_privs, pg_init_privs

pg_isready, pg_isready

pg_is_in_backup, Backup Control Functions

pg_is_in_recovery, Recovery Control Functions

pg_is_other_temp_schema, System Information Functions

pg_is_wal_replay_paused, Recovery Control Functions

pg_language, pg_language

pg_largeobject, pg_largeobject

pg_largeobject_metadata, pg_largeobject_metadata

pg_last_committed_xact, System Information Functions

pg_last_wal_receive_lsn, Recovery Control Functions

pg_last_wal_replay_lsn, Recovery Control Functions

pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp, Recovery Control Functions

pg_listening_channels, System Information Functions

pg_locks, pg_locks

pg_logdir_ls, adminpack

pg_logical_emit_message, Replication Functions

pg_logical_slot_get_binary_changes, Replication Functions

pg_logical_slot_get_changes, Replication Functions

pg_logical_slot_peek_binary_changes, Replication Functions

pg_logical_slot_peek_changes, Replication Functions

pg_lsn, pg_lsn Type

pg_ls_dir, Generic File Access Functions

pg_ls_logdir, Generic File Access Functions

pg_ls_waldir, Generic File Access Functions

pg_matviews, pg_matviews

pg_my_temp_schema, System Information Functions

pg_namespace, pg_namespace

pg_notification_queue_usage, System Information Functions

pg_notify, pg_notify

pg_opclass, pg_opclass

pg_opclass_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_operator, pg_operator

pg_operator_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_opfamily, pg_opfamily

pg_opfamily_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_options_to_table, System Information Functions

pg_partitioned_table, pg_partitioned_table

pg_pltemplate, pg_pltemplate

pg_policies, pg_policies

pg_policy, pg_policy

pg_postmaster_start_time, System Information Functions

pg_prepared_statements, pg_prepared_statements

pg_prepared_xacts, pg_prepared_xacts

pg_prewarm, pg_prewarm

pg_prewarm.autoprewarm configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

pg_prewarm.autoprewarm_interval configuration parameter, Configuration Parameters

pg_proc, pg_proc

pg_publication, pg_publication

pg_publication_rel, pg_publication_rel

pg_publication_tables, pg_publication_tables

pg_range, pg_range

pg_read_binary_file, Generic File Access Functions

pg_read_file, Generic File Access Functions

pg_receivewal, pg_receivewal

pg_recvlogical, pg_recvlogical

pg_relation_filenode, Database Object Management Functions

pg_relation_filepath, Database Object Management Functions

pg_relation_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_reload_conf, Server Signaling Functions

pg_relpages, Functions

pg_replication_origin, pg_replication_origin

pg_replication_origin_advance, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_create, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_drop, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_oid, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_progress, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_session_is_setup, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_session_progress, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_session_reset, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_session_setup, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_status, pg_replication_origin_status

pg_replication_origin_xact_reset, Replication Functions

pg_replication_origin_xact_setup, Replication Functions

pg_replication_slots, pg_replication_slots

pg_replication_slot_advance, Replication Functions

pg_resetwal, pg_resetwal

pg_restore, pg_restore

pg_rewind, pg_rewind

pg_rewrite, pg_rewrite

pg_roles, pg_roles

pg_rotate_logfile, Server Signaling Functions

pg_rules, pg_rules

pg_safe_snapshot_blocking_pids, System Information Functions

pg_seclabel, pg_seclabel

pg_seclabels, pg_seclabels

pg_sequence, pg_sequence

pg_sequences, pg_sequences

pg_service.conf, The Connection Service File

pg_settings, pg_settings

pg_shadow, pg_shadow

pg_shdepend, pg_shdepend

pg_shdescription, pg_shdescription

pg_shseclabel, pg_shseclabel

pg_size_bytes, Database Object Management Functions

pg_size_pretty, Database Object Management Functions

pg_sleep, Delaying Execution

pg_sleep_for, Delaying Execution

pg_sleep_until, Delaying Execution

pg_standby, pg_standby

pg_start_backup, Backup Control Functions

pg_statio_all_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_all_sequences, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_all_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_sys_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_sys_sequences, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_sys_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_user_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_user_sequences, Viewing Statistics

pg_statio_user_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_statistic, Single-Column Statistics, pg_statistic

pg_statistics_obj_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_statistic_ext, Extended Statistics, pg_statistic_ext

pg_stats, Single-Column Statistics, pg_stats

pg_stat_activity, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_all_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_all_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_archiver, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_bgwriter, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_clear_snapshot, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_database, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_database_conflicts, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_file, Generic File Access Functions

pg_stat_get_activity, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_progress_vacuum, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_replication, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_reset, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_reset_shared, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters, Statistics Functions

pg_stat_ssl, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_statements, pg_stat_statements : function, Functions

pg_stat_statements_reset, Functions

pg_stat_subscription, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_sys_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_sys_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_user_functions, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_user_indexes, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_user_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_wal_receiver, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_xact_all_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_xact_user_functions, Viewing Statistics

pg_stat_xact_user_tables, Viewing Statistics

pg_stop_backup, Backup Control Functions

pg_subscription, pg_subscription

pg_subscription_rel, pg_subscription_rel

pg_switch_wal, Backup Control Functions

pg_tables, pg_tables

pg_tablespace, pg_tablespace

pg_tablespace_databases, System Information Functions

pg_tablespace_location, System Information Functions

pg_tablespace_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_table_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_table_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_temp, Statement Behavior : securing functions, Writing SECURITY DEFINER Functions Safely

pg_terminate_backend, Server Signaling Functions

pg_test_fsync, pg_test_fsync

pg_test_timing, pg_test_timing

pg_timezone_abbrevs, pg_timezone_abbrevs

pg_timezone_names, pg_timezone_names

pg_total_relation_size, Database Object Management Functions

pg_transform, pg_transform

pg_trgm, pg_trgm

pg_trgm.similarity_threshold configuration parameter, GUC Parameters

pg_trgm.strict_word_similarity_threshold configuration parameter , GUC Parameters

pg_trgm.word_similarity_threshold configuration parameter , GUC Parameters

pg_trigger, pg_trigger

pg_try_advisory_lock, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_try_advisory_lock_shared, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_try_advisory_xact_lock, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_try_advisory_xact_lock_shared, Advisory Lock Functions

pg_ts_config, pg_ts_config

pg_ts_config_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_ts_config_map, pg_ts_config_map

pg_ts_dict, pg_ts_dict

pg_ts_dict_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_ts_parser, pg_ts_parser

pg_ts_parser_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_ts_template, pg_ts_template

pg_ts_template_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_type, pg_type

pg_typeof, System Information Functions

pg_type_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_upgrade, pg_upgrade

pg_user, pg_user

pg_user_mapping, pg_user_mapping

pg_user_mappings, pg_user_mappings

pg_verify_checksums, pg_verify_checksums

pg_views, pg_views

pg_visibility, pg_visibility

pg_waldump, pg_waldump

pg_walfile_name, Backup Control Functions

pg_walfile_name_offset, Backup Control Functions

pg_wal_lsn_diff, Backup Control Functions

pg_wal_replay_pause, Recovery Control Functions

pg_wal_replay_resume, Recovery Control Functions

pg_xact_commit_timestamp, System Information Functions

phantom read, Transaction Isolation

phraseto_tsquery, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parsing Queries

pi, Mathematical Functions and Operators

PIC, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions

PID : determining PID of server process : in libpq, Connection Status Functions

PITR, Backup and Restore

PITR standby, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

pkg-config, Installation Procedure : with ecpg, Processing Embedded SQL Programs

with libpq, [Building libpq Programs](libpq-build.md)

PL/Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language

PL/PerlU, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

PL/pgSQL, PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language

PL/Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

PL/SQL (Oracle), Porting from Oracle PL/SQL : porting to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL

PL/Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language

plainto_tsquery, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parsing Queries

plperl.on_init configuration parameter, Configuration

plperl.on_plperlu_init configuration parameter, Configuration

plperl.on_plperl_init configuration parameter, Configuration

plperl.use_strict configuration parameter, Configuration

plpgsql.check_asserts configuration parameter, Checking Assertions

plpgsql.variable_conflict configuration parameter, Variable Substitution

pltcl.start_proc configuration parameter, PL/Tcl Configuration

pltclu.start_proc configuration parameter, PL/Tcl Configuration

point, Points, Geometric Functions and Operators

point-in-time recovery, Backup and Restore

policy, Row Security Policies

polygon, Polygons, Geometric Functions and Operators

polymorphic function, Polymorphic Types

polymorphic type, Polymorphic Types

popen, Geometric Functions and Operators

populate_record, hstore Operators and Functions

port, Parameter Key Words

port configuration parameter, Connection Settings

position, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

POSTGRES, The Berkeley POSTGRES Project

postgres, Architectural Fundamentals, Starting the Database Server, Creating a Database, postgres

postgres user, The PostgreSQL User Account

Postgres95, Postgres95

postgresql.auto.conf, Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File

postgresql.conf, Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File

postgres_fdw, postgres_fdw

postmaster, postmaster

post_auth_delay configuration parameter, Developer Options

power, Mathematical Functions and Operators

PQbackendPID, Connection Status Functions

PQbinaryTuples, Retrieving Query Result Information : with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQcancel, Canceling Queries in Progress

PQclear, Main Functions

PQclientEncoding, Control Functions

PQcmdStatus, Retrieving Other Result Information

PQcmdTuples, Retrieving Other Result Information

PQconndefaults, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectdb, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectdbParams, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectionNeedsPassword, Connection Status Functions

PQconnectionUsedPassword, Connection Status Functions

PQconnectPoll, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectStart, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectStartParams, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconninfo, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconninfoFree, Miscellaneous Functions

PQconninfoParse, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconsumeInput, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQcopyResult, Miscellaneous Functions

PQdb, Connection Status Functions

PQdescribePortal, Main Functions

PQdescribePrepared, Main Functions

PQencryptPassword, Miscellaneous Functions

PQencryptPasswordConn, Miscellaneous Functions

PQendcopy, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQerrorMessage, Connection Status Functions

PQescapeBytea, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeByteaConn, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeIdentifier, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeLiteral, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeString, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeStringConn, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQexec, Main Functions

PQexecParams, Main Functions

PQexecPrepared, Main Functions

PQfformat, Retrieving Query Result Information : with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQfinish, Database Connection Control Functions

PQfireResultCreateEvents, Miscellaneous Functions

PQflush, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQfmod, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfn, The Fast-Path Interface

PQfname, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfnumber, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfreeCancel, Canceling Queries in Progress

PQfreemem, Miscellaneous Functions

PQfsize, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftable, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftablecol, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftype, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetCancel, Canceling Queries in Progress

PQgetCopyData, Functions for Receiving COPY Data

PQgetisnull, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetlength, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetline, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQgetlineAsync, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQgetResult, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQgetssl, Connection Status Functions

PQgetvalue, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQhost, Connection Status Functions

PQinitOpenSSL, SSL Library Initialization

PQinitSSL, SSL Library Initialization

PQinstanceData, Event Support Functions

PQisBusy, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQisnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQisthreadsafe, Behavior in Threaded Programs

PQlibVersion, Miscellaneous Functions : (see also PQserverVersion)

PQmakeEmptyPGresult, Miscellaneous Functions

PQnfields, Retrieving Query Result Information : with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQnotifies, Asynchronous Notification

PQnparams, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQntuples, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQoidStatus, Retrieving Other Result Information

PQoidValue, Retrieving Other Result Information

PQoptions, Connection Status Functions

PQparameterStatus, Connection Status Functions

PQparamtype, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQpass, Connection Status Functions

PQping, Database Connection Control Functions

PQpingParams, Database Connection Control Functions

PQport, Connection Status Functions

PQprepare, Main Functions

PQprint, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQprotocolVersion, Connection Status Functions

PQputCopyData, Functions for Sending COPY Data

PQputCopyEnd, Functions for Sending COPY Data

PQputline, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQputnbytes, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQregisterEventProc, Event Support Functions

PQrequestCancel, Canceling Queries in Progress

PQreset, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresetPoll, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresetStart, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresStatus, Main Functions

PQresultAlloc, Miscellaneous Functions

PQresultErrorField, Main Functions

PQresultErrorMessage, Main Functions

PQresultInstanceData, Event Support Functions

PQresultSetInstanceData, Event Support Functions

PQresultStatus, Main Functions

PQresultVerboseErrorMessage, Main Functions

PQsendDescribePortal, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendDescribePrepared, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendPrepare, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQuery, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQueryParams, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQueryPrepared, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQserverVersion, Connection Status Functions

PQsetClientEncoding, Control Functions

PQsetdb, Database Connection Control Functions

PQsetdbLogin, Database Connection Control Functions

PQsetErrorContextVisibility, Control Functions

PQsetErrorVerbosity, Control Functions

PQsetInstanceData, Event Support Functions

PQsetnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsetNoticeProcessor, Notice Processing

PQsetNoticeReceiver, Notice Processing

PQsetResultAttrs, Miscellaneous Functions

PQsetSingleRowMode, Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row

PQsetvalue, Miscellaneous Functions

PQsocket, Connection Status Functions

PQsslAttribute, Connection Status Functions

PQsslAttributeNames, Connection Status Functions

PQsslInUse, Connection Status Functions

PQsslStruct, Connection Status Functions

PQstatus, Connection Status Functions

PQtrace, Control Functions

PQtransactionStatus, Connection Status Functions

PQtty, Connection Status Functions

PQunescapeBytea, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQuntrace, Control Functions

PQuser, Connection Status Functions

predicate locking, Serializable Isolation Level

PREPARE, PREPARE

PREPARE TRANSACTION, PREPARE TRANSACTION

prepared statements, DEALLOCATE, EXECUTE, EXPLAIN, PREPARE : creating, PREPARE

executing, [EXECUTE](sql-execute.md)

removing, [DEALLOCATE](sql-deallocate.md)

showing the query plan, [EXPLAIN](sql-explain.md)

preparing a query : in PL/pgSQL, Plan Caching

in PL/Python, [Database Access Functions](plpython-database.md#id-1.8.11.15.3)

in PL/Tcl, [Database Access from PL/Tcl](pltcl-dbaccess.md)

pre_auth_delay configuration parameter, Developer Options

primary key, Primary Keys

primary_conninfo recovery parameter, Standby Server Settings

primary_slot_name recovery parameter, Standby Server Settings

privilege, Privileges, Schemas and Privileges, Rules and Privileges, Rules and Privileges : querying, System Information Functions

with rules, [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.md)

for schemas, [Schemas and Privileges](ddl-schemas.md#DDL-SCHEMAS-PRIV)

with views, [Rules and Privileges](rules-privileges.md)

procedural language, Procedural Languages, Writing A Procedural Language Handler : externally maintained, Procedural Languages

handler for, [Writing A Procedural Language Handler](plhandler.md)

procedure, User-defined Procedures : user-defined, User-defined Procedures

protocol, Frontend/Backend Protocol : frontend-backend, Frontend/Backend Protocol

ps, Standard Unix Tools : to monitor activity, Standard Unix Tools

psql, Accessing a Database, psql

Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

Q

qualified name, Creating a Schema

query, Querying a Table, Queries

query plan, Using EXPLAIN

query tree, The Query Tree

querytree, Text Search Functions and Operators, Manipulating Queries

quotation marks : and identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words

escaping, [String Constants](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS)

quote_all_identifiers configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

quote_ident, String Functions and Operators : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.md#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)

quote_literal, String Functions and Operators : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.md#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)

quote_nullable, String Functions and Operators : in PL/Perl, Utility Functions in PL/Perl

use in PL/pgSQL, [Executing Dynamic Commands](plpgsql-statements.md#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN)

R

radians, Mathematical Functions and Operators

radius, Geometric Functions and Operators

RADIUS, RADIUS Authentication

RAISE : in PL/pgSQL, Reporting Errors and Messages

random, Mathematical Functions and Operators

random_page_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

range table, The Query Tree

range type, Range Types : exclude, Constraints on Ranges

indexes on, [Indexing](rangetypes.md#RANGETYPES-INDEXING)

rank, Window Functions : hypothetical, Aggregate Functions

read committed, Read Committed Isolation Level

read-only transaction : setting, SET TRANSACTION

setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)

readline, Requirements

real, Floating-Point Types

REASSIGN OWNED, REASSIGN OWNED

record, Pseudo-Types

recovery.conf, Recovery Configuration

recovery_end_command recovery parameter, Archive Recovery Settings

recovery_min_apply_delay recovery parameter, Standby Server Settings

recovery_target recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_action recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_inclusive recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_lsn recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_name recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_time recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_timeline recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

recovery_target_xid recovery parameter, Recovery Target Settings

rectangle, Boxes

RECURSIVE, CREATE VIEW : in common table expressions, SELECT in WITH

in views, [CREATE VIEW](sql-createview.md)

referential integrity, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys

REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW, REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW

regclass, Object Identifier Types

regconfig, Object Identifier Types

regdictionary, Object Identifier Types

regexp_match, String Functions and Operators, POSIX Regular Expressions

regexp_matches, String Functions and Operators, POSIX Regular Expressions

regexp_replace, String Functions and Operators, POSIX Regular Expressions

regexp_split_to_array, String Functions and Operators, POSIX Regular Expressions

regexp_split_to_table, String Functions and Operators, POSIX Regular Expressions

regoper, Object Identifier Types

regoperator, Object Identifier Types

regproc, Object Identifier Types

regprocedure, Object Identifier Types

regression intercept, Aggregate Functions

regression slope, Aggregate Functions

regression test, Installation Procedure

regression tests, Regression Tests

regr_avgx, Aggregate Functions

regr_avgy, Aggregate Functions

regr_count, Aggregate Functions

regr_intercept, Aggregate Functions

regr_r2, Aggregate Functions

regr_slope, Aggregate Functions

regr_sxx, Aggregate Functions

regr_sxy, Aggregate Functions

regr_syy, Aggregate Functions

regtype, Object Identifier Types

regular expression, SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions, POSIX Regular Expressions : (see also pattern matching)

regular expressions : and locales, Behavior

reindex, Routine Reindexing

REINDEX, REINDEX

reindexdb, reindexdb

relation, Concepts

relational database, Concepts

RELEASE SAVEPOINT, RELEASE SAVEPOINT

repeat, String Functions and Operators

repeatable read, Repeatable Read Isolation Level

replace, String Functions and Operators

replication, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

Replication Origins, Replication Progress Tracking

Replication Progress Tracking, Replication Progress Tracking

replication slot : logical replication, Replication Slots

streaming replication, [Replication Slots](warm-standby.md#STREAMING-REPLICATION-SLOTS)

reporting errors : in PL/pgSQL, Reporting Errors and Messages

RESET, RESET

restartpoint, WAL Configuration

restart_after_crash configuration parameter, Error Handling

restore_command recovery parameter, Archive Recovery Settings

RESTRICT, Dependency Tracking : with DROP, Dependency Tracking

foreign key action, [Foreign Keys](ddl-constraints.md#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK)

RETURN NEXT : in PL/pgSQL, RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY

RETURN QUERY : in PL/pgSQL, RETURN NEXT and RETURN QUERY

RETURNING, Returning Data From Modified Rows

RETURNING INTO, Executing a Query with a Single-row Result : in PL/pgSQL, Executing a Query with a Single-row Result

reverse, String Functions and Operators

REVOKE, Privileges, REVOKE

right, String Functions and Operators

right join, Joined Tables

role, Database Roles, Role Membership, Default Roles : applicable, applicable_roles

enabled, [enabled_roles](infoschema-enabled-roles.md)

membership in, [Role Membership](role-membership.md)

privilege to create, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.md)

privilege to initiate replication, [Role Attributes](role-attributes.md)

ROLLBACK, ROLLBACK

rollback : psql, Variables

ROLLBACK PREPARED, ROLLBACK PREPARED

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

ROLLUP, GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP

round, Mathematical Functions and Operators

routine, User-defined Procedures

routine maintenance, Routine Database Maintenance Tasks

row, Concepts, Table Basics

ROW, Row Constructors

row estimation, Row Estimation Examples : multivariate, Multivariate Statistics Examples

planner, [Row Estimation Examples](row-estimation-examples.md)

row type, Composite Types : constructor, Row Constructors

row-level security, Row Security Policies

row-wise comparison, Row and Array Comparisons

row_number, Window Functions

row_security configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

row_security_active, System Information Functions

row_to_json, JSON Functions and Operators

rpad, String Functions and Operators

rtrim, String Functions and Operators

rule, The Rule System, Views and the Rule System, How SELECT Rules Work, Materialized Views, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, Rules Versus Triggers : and materialized views, Materialized Views

and views, [Views and the Rule System](rules-views.md)

for DELETE, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.md)

for INSERT, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.md)

for SELECT, [How SELECT Rules Work](rules-views.md#RULES-SELECT)

compared with triggers, [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.md)

for UPDATE, [Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](rules-update.md)

S

SAVEPOINT, SAVEPOINT

savepoints, RELEASE SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, SAVEPOINT : defining, SAVEPOINT

releasing, [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](sql-release-savepoint.md)

rolling back, [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](sql-rollback-to.md)

scalar (see expression)

scale, Mathematical Functions and Operators

schema, Schemas, Creating a Schema, The Public Schema, Overview : creating, Creating a Schema

current, [The Schema Search Path](ddl-schemas.md#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH), [System Information Functions](functions-info.md)

public, [The Public Schema](ddl-schemas.md#DDL-SCHEMAS-PUBLIC)

removing, [Creating a Schema](ddl-schemas.md#DDL-SCHEMAS-CREATE)

SCRAM, Password Authentication

search path, The Schema Search Path : current, System Information Functions

object visibility, [System Information Functions](functions-info.md)

search_path configuration parameter, The Schema Search Path, Statement Behavior : use in securing functions, Writing SECURITY DEFINER Functions Safely

SECURITY LABEL, SECURITY LABEL

sec_to_gc, Cube-based Earth Distances

seg, seg

segment_size configuration parameter, Preset Options

SELECT, Querying a Table, Queries, SELECT Output Columns, SELECT : determination of result type, SELECT Output Columns

select list, [Select Lists](queries-select-lists.md)

SELECT INTO, Executing a Query with a Single-row Result, SELECT INTO : in PL/pgSQL, Executing a Query with a Single-row Result

semaphores, Shared Memory and Semaphores

sepgsql, sepgsql

sepgsql.debug_audit configuration parameter, GUC Parameters

sepgsql.permissive configuration parameter, GUC Parameters

sequence, Sequence Manipulation Functions : and serial type, Serial Types

sequential scan, Planner Method Configuration

seq_page_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

serial, Serial Types

serial2, Serial Types

serial4, Serial Types

serial8, Serial Types

serializable, Serializable Isolation Level

Serializable Snapshot Isolation, Introduction

serialization anomaly, Transaction Isolation, Serializable Isolation Level

server log, Error Reporting and Logging, Log File Maintenance : log file maintenance, Log File Maintenance

server spoofing, Preventing Server Spoofing

server_encoding configuration parameter, Preset Options

server_version configuration parameter, Preset Options

server_version_num configuration parameter, Preset Options

session_preload_libraries configuration parameter, Shared Library Preloading

session_replication_role configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

session_user, System Information Functions

SET, Configuration Settings Functions, SET

SET CONSTRAINTS, SET CONSTRAINTS

set difference, Combining Queries

set intersection, Combining Queries

set operation, Combining Queries

set returning functions, Set Returning Functions : functions, Set Returning Functions

SET ROLE, SET ROLE

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

SET TRANSACTION, SET TRANSACTION

set union, Combining Queries

SET XML OPTION, Statement Behavior

setseed, Mathematical Functions and Operators

setval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

setweight, Text Search Functions and Operators, Manipulating Documents : setweight for specific lexeme(s), Text Search Functions and Operators

set_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators

set_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators

set_config, Configuration Settings Functions

set_limit, Functions and Operators

set_masklen, Network Address Functions and Operators

sha224, Binary String Functions and Operators

sha256, Binary String Functions and Operators

sha384, Binary String Functions and Operators

sha512, Binary String Functions and Operators

shared library, Shared Libraries, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions

shared memory, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared_buffers configuration parameter, Memory

shared_preload_libraries, Shared Memory and LWLocks

shared_preload_libraries configuration parameter, Shared Library Preloading

shobj_description, System Information Functions

SHOW, Configuration Settings Functions, SHOW, Streaming Replication Protocol

show_limit, Functions and Operators

show_trgm, Functions and Operators

shutdown, Shutting Down the Server

SIGHUP, Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File, The pg_hba.conf File, User Name Maps

SIGINT, Shutting Down the Server

sign, Mathematical Functions and Operators

signal : backend processes, Server Signaling Functions

significant digits, Locale and Formatting

SIGQUIT, Shutting Down the Server

SIGTERM, Shutting Down the Server

similarity, Functions and Operators

sin, Mathematical Functions and Operators

sind, Mathematical Functions and Operators

single-user mode, Options for Single-User Mode

skeys, hstore Operators and Functions

sleep, Delaying Execution

slice, hstore Operators and Functions

sliced bread (see TOAST)

smallint, Integer Types

smallserial, Serial Types

Solaris, Solaris : installation on, Solaris

IPC configuration, [Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.md#SYSVIPC)

shared library, [Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions](xfunc-c.md#DFUNC)

start script, [Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)

SOME, Aggregate Functions, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

sort, intarray Functions and Operators

sorting, Sorting Rows

sort_asc, intarray Functions and Operators

sort_desc, intarray Functions and Operators

soundex, Soundex

SP-GiST (see index)

SPI, Server Programming Interface, spi : examples, spi

spi_commit : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_commit, SPI_commit

SPI_connect, SPI_connect

SPI_connect_ext, SPI_connect

SPI_copytuple, SPI_copytuple

spi_cursor_close : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_cursor_close, SPI_cursor_close

SPI_cursor_fetch, SPI_cursor_fetch

SPI_cursor_find, SPI_cursor_find

SPI_cursor_move, SPI_cursor_move

SPI_cursor_open, SPI_cursor_open

SPI_cursor_open_with_args, SPI_cursor_open_with_args

SPI_cursor_open_with_paramlist, SPI_cursor_open_with_paramlist

SPI_exec, SPI_exec

SPI_execp, SPI_execp

SPI_execute, SPI_execute

SPI_execute_plan, SPI_execute_plan

SPI_execute_plan_with_paramlist, SPI_execute_plan_with_paramlist

SPI_execute_with_args, SPI_execute_with_args

spi_exec_prepared : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

spi_exec_query : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

spi_fetchrow : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_finish, SPI_finish

SPI_fname, SPI_fname

SPI_fnumber, SPI_fnumber

spi_freeplan : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_freeplan, SPI_freeplan

SPI_freetuple, SPI_freetuple

SPI_freetuptable, SPI_freetuptable

SPI_getargcount, SPI_getargcount

SPI_getargtypeid, SPI_getargtypeid

SPI_getbinval, SPI_getbinval

SPI_getnspname, SPI_getnspname

SPI_getrelname, SPI_getrelname

SPI_gettype, SPI_gettype

SPI_gettypeid, SPI_gettypeid

SPI_getvalue, SPI_getvalue

SPI_is_cursor_plan, SPI_is_cursor_plan

SPI_keepplan, SPI_keepplan

spi_lastoid : in PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Tcl

SPI_modifytuple, SPI_modifytuple

SPI_palloc, SPI_palloc

SPI_pfree, SPI_pfree

spi_prepare : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_prepare, SPI_prepare

SPI_prepare_cursor, SPI_prepare_cursor

SPI_prepare_params, SPI_prepare_params

spi_query : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

spi_query_prepared : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_register_relation, SPI_register_relation

SPI_register_trigger_data, SPI_register_trigger_data

SPI_repalloc, SPI_repalloc

SPI_result_code_string, SPI_result_code_string

SPI_returntuple, SPI_returntuple

spi_rollback : in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_rollback, SPI_rollback

SPI_saveplan, SPI_saveplan

SPI_scroll_cursor_fetch, SPI_scroll_cursor_fetch

SPI_scroll_cursor_move, SPI_scroll_cursor_move

SPI_start_transaction, SPI_start_transaction

SPI_unregister_relation, SPI_unregister_relation

split_part, String Functions and Operators

SQL/CLI, SQL Conformance

SQL/Foundation, SQL Conformance

SQL/Framework, SQL Conformance

SQL/JRT, SQL Conformance

SQL/MED, SQL Conformance

SQL/OLB, SQL Conformance

SQL/PSM, SQL Conformance

SQL/Schemata, SQL Conformance

SQL/XML, SQL Conformance

sqrt, Mathematical Functions and Operators

ssh, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels

SSI, Introduction

SSL, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL, SSL Support : in libpq, Connection Status Functions

with libpq, [Parameter Key Words](libpq-connect.md#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS)

ssl configuration parameter, SSL

sslinfo, sslinfo

ssl_ca_file configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_cert_file configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_cipher, Functions Provided

ssl_ciphers configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_client_cert_present, Functions Provided

ssl_client_dn, Functions Provided

ssl_client_dn_field, Functions Provided

ssl_client_serial, Functions Provided

ssl_crl_file configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_dh_params_file configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_ecdh_curve configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_extension_info, Functions Provided

ssl_issuer_dn, Functions Provided

ssl_issuer_field, Functions Provided

ssl_is_used, Functions Provided

ssl_key_file configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_passphrase_command configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers configuration parameter, SSL

ssl_version, Functions Provided

SSPI, SSPI Authentication

STABLE, Function Volatility Categories

standard deviation, Aggregate Functions : population, Aggregate Functions

sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.md)

standard_conforming_strings configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

standby server, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

standby_mode recovery parameter, Standby Server Settings

START TRANSACTION, START TRANSACTION

starts_with, String Functions and Operators

START_REPLICATION, Streaming Replication Protocol

statement_timeout configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

statement_timestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

statistics, Aggregate Functions, Statistics Used by the Planner, Extended Statistics, Updating Planner Statistics, The Statistics Collector : of the planner, Statistics Used by the Planner, Extended Statistics, Updating Planner Statistics

stats_temp_directory configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

stddev, Aggregate Functions

stddev_pop, Aggregate Functions

stddev_samp, Aggregate Functions

STONITH, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

storage parameters, Storage Parameters

Streaming Replication, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

strict_word_similarity, Functions and Operators

string (see character string)

strings : backslash quotes, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

escape warning, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)

standard conforming, [Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION)

string_agg, Aggregate Functions

string_to_array, Array Functions and Operators

strip, Text Search Functions and Operators, Manipulating Documents

strpos, String Functions and Operators

subarray, intarray Functions and Operators

subltree, Operators and Functions

subpath, Operators and Functions

subquery, Aggregate Functions, Scalar Subqueries, Subqueries, Subquery Expressions

subscript, Subscripts

substr, String Functions and Operators

substring, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators, SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions, POSIX Regular Expressions

subtransactions : in PL/Tcl, Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl

sum, Aggregate Functions

superuser, Accessing a Database, Role Attributes

superuser_reserved_connections configuration parameter, Connection Settings

support functions : in_range, B-Tree Support Functions

suppress_redundant_updates_trigger, Trigger Functions

svals, hstore Operators and Functions

synchronize_seqscans configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

synchronous commit, Asynchronous Commit

Synchronous Replication, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

synchronous_commit configuration parameter, Settings

synchronous_standby_names configuration parameter, Master Server

syntax, SQL Syntax : SQL, SQL Syntax

syslog_facility configuration parameter, Where To Log

syslog_ident configuration parameter, Where To Log

syslog_sequence_numbers configuration parameter, Where To Log

syslog_split_messages configuration parameter, Where To Log

system catalog, The System Catalog Schema : schema, The System Catalog Schema

systemd, Installation Procedure, Starting the Database Server : RemoveIPC, systemd RemoveIPC

T

table, Concepts, Table Basics, Modifying Tables : creating, Table Basics

inheritance, [Inheritance](ddl-inherit.md)

modifying, [Modifying Tables](ddl-alter.md)

partitioning, [Table Partitioning](ddl-partitioning.md)

removing, [Table Basics](ddl-basics.md)

renaming, [Renaming a Table](ddl-alter.md#id-1.5.4.7.12)

TABLE command, SELECT

table expression, Table Expressions

table function, Table Functions, xmltable : XMLTABLE, xmltable

table sampling method, Writing A Table Sampling Method

tablefunc, tablefunc

tableoid, System Columns

TABLESAMPLE method, Writing A Table Sampling Method

tablespace, Tablespaces : default, Statement Behavior

temporary, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)

tan, Mathematical Functions and Operators

tand, Mathematical Functions and Operators

target list, The Query Tree

Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language

tcn, tcn

tcp_keepalives_count configuration parameter, Connection Settings

tcp_keepalives_idle configuration parameter, Connection Settings

tcp_keepalives_interval configuration parameter, Connection Settings

template0, Template Databases

template1, Creating a Database, Template Databases

temp_buffers configuration parameter, Memory

temp_file_limit configuration parameter, Disk

temp_tablespaces configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

test, Regression Tests

test_decoding, test_decoding

text, Character Types, Network Address Functions and Operators

text search, Text Search Types, Text Search Types, Full Text Search, GIN and GiST Index Types : data types, Text Search Types

functions and operators, [Text Search Types](datatype-textsearch.md)

indexes, [GIN and GiST Index Types](textsearch-indexes.md)

text2ltree, Operators and Functions

threads, Behavior in Threaded Programs : with libpq, Behavior in Threaded Programs

tid, Object Identifier Types

time, Date/Time Types, Times : constants, Special Values

current, [Current Date/Time](functions-datetime.md#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-CURRENT)

output format, [Date/Time Output](datatype-datetime.md#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT)
:   (see also [formatting](#ientry-idm14220))

time span, Date/Time Types

time with time zone, Date/Time Types, Times

time without time zone, Date/Time Types, Times

time zone, Time Zones, Locale and Formatting : conversion, AT TIME ZONE

input abbreviations, [Date/Time Configuration Files](datetime-config-files.md)

time zone data, Installation Procedure

time zone names, Locale and Formatting

timelines, Backup and Restore

TIMELINE_HISTORY, Streaming Replication Protocol

timeofday, Date/Time Functions and Operators

timeout : client authentication, Authentication

deadlock, [Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.md)

timestamp, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timestamp with time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timestamp without time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timestamptz, Date/Time Types

TimeZone configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

timezone_abbreviations configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

TOAST, TOAST : and user-defined types, TOAST Considerations

per-column storage settings, [Description](sql-altertable.md#id-1.9.3.35.5)

versus large objects, [Introduction](lo-intro.md)

token, Lexical Structure

to_ascii, String Functions and Operators

to_char, Data Type Formatting Functions : and locales, Behavior

to_date, Data Type Formatting Functions

to_hex, String Functions and Operators

to_json, JSON Functions and Operators

to_jsonb, JSON Functions and Operators

to_number, Data Type Formatting Functions

to_regclass, System Information Functions

to_regnamespace, System Information Functions

to_regoper, System Information Functions

to_regoperator, System Information Functions

to_regproc, System Information Functions

to_regprocedure, System Information Functions

to_regrole, System Information Functions

to_regtype, System Information Functions

to_timestamp, Data Type Formatting Functions, Date/Time Functions and Operators

to_tsquery, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parsing Queries

to_tsvector, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parsing Documents

trace_locks configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_lock_oidmin configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_lock_table configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_lwlocks configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_notify configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_recovery_messages configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_sort configuration parameter, Developer Options

trace_userlocks configuration parameter, Developer Options

track_activities configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

track_activity_query_size configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

track_commit_timestamp configuration parameter, Sending Servers

track_counts configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

track_functions configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

track_io_timing configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

transaction, Transactions

transaction ID, Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures : wraparound, Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures

transaction isolation, Transaction Isolation

transaction isolation level, Transaction Isolation : read committed, Read Committed Isolation Level

repeatable read, [Repeatable Read Isolation Level](transaction-iso.md#XACT-REPEATABLE-READ)

serializable, [Serializable Isolation Level](transaction-iso.md#XACT-SERIALIZABLE)

setting, [SET TRANSACTION](sql-set-transaction.md)

setting default, [Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.md#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT)

transaction log (see WAL)

transaction_timestamp, Date/Time Functions and Operators

transform_null_equals configuration parameter, Platform and Client Compatibility

transition tables, CREATE TRIGGER : (see also ephemeral named relation)

implementation in PLs, [SPI_register_trigger_data](spi-spi-register-trigger-data.md)

referencing from C trigger, [Writing Trigger Functions in C](trigger-interface.md)

translate, String Functions and Operators

transparent huge pages, Memory

trigger, Pseudo-Types, Triggers, Writing Trigger Functions in C, Rules Versus Triggers, Trigger Functions, Trigger Functions : arguments for trigger functions, Overview of Trigger Behavior

for updating a derived tsvector column, [Triggers for Automatic Updates](textsearch-features.md#TEXTSEARCH-UPDATE-TRIGGERS)

in C, [Writing Trigger Functions in C](trigger-interface.md)

in PL/pgSQL, [Trigger Functions](plpgsql-trigger.md)

in PL/Python, [Trigger Functions](plpython-trigger.md)

in PL/Tcl, [Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](pltcl-trigger.md)

compared with rules, [Rules Versus Triggers](rules-triggers.md)

triggered_change_notification, tcn

trigger_file recovery parameter, Standby Server Settings

trim, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators

true, Boolean Type

trunc, Mathematical Functions and Operators, Network Address Functions and Operators

TRUNCATE, TRUNCATE

trusted, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl : PL/Perl, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

tsm_handler, Pseudo-Types

tsm_system_rows, tsm_system_rows

tsm_system_time, tsm_system_time

tsquery (data type), tsquery

tsquery_phrase, Text Search Functions and Operators, Manipulating Queries

tsvector (data type), tsvector

tsvector concatenation, Manipulating Documents

tsvector_to_array, Text Search Functions and Operators

tsvector_update_trigger, Text Search Functions and Operators

tsvector_update_trigger_column, Text Search Functions and Operators

ts_debug, Text Search Functions and Operators, Configuration Testing

ts_delete, Text Search Functions and Operators

ts_filter, Text Search Functions and Operators

ts_headline, Text Search Functions and Operators, Highlighting Results

ts_lexize, Text Search Functions and Operators, Dictionary Testing

ts_parse, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parser Testing

ts_rank, Text Search Functions and Operators, Ranking Search Results

ts_rank_cd, Text Search Functions and Operators, Ranking Search Results

ts_rewrite, Text Search Functions and Operators, Query Rewriting

ts_stat, Text Search Functions and Operators, Gathering Document Statistics

ts_token_type, Text Search Functions and Operators, Parser Testing

tuple_data_split, General Functions

txid_current, System Information Functions

txid_current_if_assigned, System Information Functions

txid_current_snapshot, System Information Functions

txid_snapshot_xip, System Information Functions

txid_snapshot_xmax, System Information Functions

txid_snapshot_xmin, System Information Functions

txid_status, System Information Functions

txid_visible_in_snapshot, System Information Functions

type (see data type)

type cast, Numeric Constants, Type Casts

U

UESCAPE, Identifiers and Key Words, String Constants with Unicode Escapes

unaccent, unaccent, Functions

Unicode escape, String Constants with Unicode Escapes : in identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words

in string constants, [String Constants with Unicode Escapes](sql-syntax-lexical.md#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-UESCAPE)

UNION, Combining Queries, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

uniq, intarray Functions and Operators

unique constraint, Unique Constraints

Unix domain socket, Parameter Key Words

unix_socket_directories configuration parameter, Connection Settings

unix_socket_group configuration parameter, Connection Settings

unix_socket_permissions configuration parameter, Connection Settings

unknown, Pseudo-Types

UNLISTEN, UNLISTEN

unnest, Array Functions and Operators : for tsvector, Text Search Functions and Operators

unqualified name, The Schema Search Path

updatable views, Updatable Views

UPDATE, Updates, Updating Data, Returning Data From Modified Rows, UPDATE : RETURNING, Returning Data From Modified Rows

update_process_title configuration parameter, Process Title

updating, Updating Data

upgrading, Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster

upper, String Functions and Operators, Range Functions and Operators : and locales, Behavior

upper_inc, Range Functions and Operators

upper_inf, Range Functions and Operators

UPSERT, INSERT

URI, Connection Strings

user, System Information Functions, Database Roles : current, System Information Functions

user mapping, Foreign Data

User name maps, User Name Maps

UUID, UUID Type, Installation Procedure

uuid-ossp, uuid-ossp

uuid_generate_v1, uuid-ossp Functions

uuid_generate_v1mc, uuid-ossp Functions

uuid_generate_v3, uuid-ossp Functions

V

vacuum, Routine Vacuuming

VACUUM, VACUUM

vacuumdb, vacuumdb

vacuumlo, vacuumlo

vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

vacuum_cost_delay configuration parameter, Cost-based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_limit configuration parameter, Cost-based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_dirty configuration parameter, Cost-based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_hit configuration parameter, Cost-based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_miss configuration parameter, Cost-based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_defer_cleanup_age configuration parameter, Master Server

vacuum_freeze_min_age configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

vacuum_freeze_table_age configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

value expression, Value Expressions

VALUES, VALUES Lists, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs, VALUES : determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs

varchar, Character Types

variadic function, SQL Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments

variance, Aggregate Functions : population, Aggregate Functions

sample, [Aggregate Functions](functions-aggregate.md)

var_pop, Aggregate Functions

var_samp, Aggregate Functions

version, Accessing a Database, System Information Functions, Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster : compatibility, Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster

view, Views, Views and the Rule System, Materialized Views, Cooperation with Views : implementation through rules, Views and the Rule System

materialized, [Materialized Views](rules-materializedviews.md)

updating, [Cooperation with Views](rules-update.md#RULES-UPDATE-VIEWS)

Visibility Map, Visibility Map

VM (see Visibility Map)

void, Pseudo-Types

VOLATILE, Function Volatility Categories

volatility, Function Volatility Categories : functions, Function Volatility Categories

VPATH, Installation Procedure, Extension Building Infrastructure

W

WAL, Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log

wal_block_size configuration parameter, Preset Options

wal_buffers configuration parameter, Settings

wal_compression configuration parameter, Settings

wal_consistency_checking configuration parameter, Developer Options

wal_debug configuration parameter, Developer Options

wal_keep_segments configuration parameter, Sending Servers

wal_level configuration parameter, Settings

wal_log_hints configuration parameter, Settings

wal_receiver_status_interval configuration parameter, Standby Servers

wal_receiver_timeout configuration parameter, Standby Servers

wal_retrieve_retry_interval configuration parameter, Standby Servers

wal_segment_size configuration parameter, Preset Options

wal_sender_timeout configuration parameter, Sending Servers

wal_sync_method configuration parameter, Settings

wal_writer_delay configuration parameter, Settings

wal_writer_flush_after configuration parameter, Settings

warm standby, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

websearch_to_tsquery, Text Search Functions and Operators

WHERE, The WHERE Clause

where to log, Where To Log

WHILE : in PL/pgSQL, WHILE

width, Geometric Functions and Operators

width_bucket, Mathematical Functions and Operators

window function, Window Functions, Window Function Calls, Window Function Processing, Window Functions : built-in, Window Functions

invocation, [Window Function Calls](sql-expressions.md#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS)

order of execution, [Window Function Processing](queries-table-expressions.md#QUERIES-WINDOW)

WITH, WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions), SELECT : in SELECT, WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions), SELECT

WITH CHECK OPTION, CREATE VIEW

WITHIN GROUP, Aggregate Expressions

witness server, High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication

word_similarity, Functions and Operators

work_mem configuration parameter, Memory

wraparound : of multixact IDs, Multixacts and Wraparound

of transaction IDs, [Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures](routine-vacuuming.md#VACUUM-FOR-WRAPAROUND)

X

xid, Object Identifier Types

xmax, System Columns

xmin, System Columns

XML, XML Type

XML export, Mapping Tables to XML

XML option, Creating XML Values, Statement Behavior

xml2, xml2

xmlagg, xmlagg, Aggregate Functions

xmlbinary configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

xmlcomment, xmlcomment

xmlconcat, xmlconcat

xmlelement, xmlelement

XMLEXISTS, XMLEXISTS

xmlforest, xmlforest

xmloption configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

xmlparse, Creating XML Values

xmlpi, xmlpi

xmlroot, xmlroot

xmlserialize, Creating XML Values

xmltable, xmltable

xml_is_well_formed, xml_is_well_formed

xml_is_well_formed_content, xml_is_well_formed

xml_is_well_formed_document, xml_is_well_formed

XPath, xpath

xpath_exists, xpath_exists

xpath_table, xpath_table

xslt_process, xslt_process

Y

yacc, Requirements

Z

zero_damaged_pages configuration parameter, Developer Options

zlib, Requirements, Installation Procedure